Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34849421›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2021

Phenotypic characterization of NKT-like cells and evaluation of specifically related cytokines for the prediction of unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

Wafaa S Khalaf, Mohammad R A Mahmoud, Walid F Elkhatib, Hany R Hashem, Wafaa E Soliman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Wafaa S KhalafDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
Mohammad R A MahmoudDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
Walid F ElkhatibDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Hany R HashemDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Al- Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
Wafaa E SolimanMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Mansoura, Egypt.
Al-Azhar University · EGAin Shams University · EGBadr University in Cairo · EGKing Faisal University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

problemImmune system dysregulation is a major cause of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (URM). Women with URM need screening for their pregnancy microenvironment and METHOD OF STUDY: In this study we evaluated NKT-like cell subsets in peripheral venous blood of women with URM using flow cytometry. The expression levels of specifically related Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 cytokine (IL-4), and Th17 cytokines (IL-17), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

resultsThe percentage of CD16+CD56+NKT-like (Double Positive NKT-like; DPNKT-like) cell subset, and the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in blood of non-pregnant and pregnant patients with URM compared with the healthy control groups, and these parameters were significantly increased after pregnancy in the same patients with URM. Based on the prevalence of the candidate immunological factors in patients with URM, the prognostic significance of the NKT-like cell subsets, IFN-γ and IL-2 profiles were evaluated as potential predictors of URM. A cut-off point of 2.55% for DPNKT-like cell subset in the blood and cut-off values of 39.5 and 20.5 pg/ml for the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2, respectively could be used for the prediction of the risk of spontaneous abortion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that described the prognostic significance of the aforementioned immunological parameters before and after pregnancy, and highlighted the correlation of NKT-like cells and the candidate Th1 cytokines with pregnancy loss in women with URM.

conclusionsDPNKT-like cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 patient profiles could be used as markers to predict the risk of miscarriage in patients with URM.

Indexed as

CytokinesNKT-like cellsPredictionUnexplained recurrent miscarriage

Identifiers

PMID34849421
PMCPMC8608857
OpenAlexW3211592721

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.