ReviewSubstance abuse and rehabilitation2021
Substance Use in Pregnancy: Identifying Stigma and Improving Care.
Review in Substance abuse and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic challenges in infant death associated with maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy and lactation: a forensic case report and review of the literature.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- A Web-Based Intervention for Reducing Sexually Transmitted Infections and Substance Use During Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Text And Telephone Screening And Referral Improved Detection And Treatment Of Maternal Mental Health Conditions.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2024Trial
- Evaluating the implementation of a clinical decision support system for substance use disorder screening in maternal healthcare.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and postpartum cannabis and alcohol use among people with HIV in the United States.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Navigating pregnancy and addiction recovery: Patient perspectives on perinatal care interventions for women with opioid use disorder in Kentucky, USA.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal academic achievement in children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Perinatal Insights Into Parenting, Pathways, and Addiction (PIPPA): Protocol for a Longitudinal, Strengths-Based Study in Flanders, Belgium.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Startup activities and challenges implementing an integrated care model for pregnant and postpartum individuals with substance use disorders: a qualitative study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Observational
- Prospective observational study quantifying maternal-fetal fentanyl transmission in epidural analgesia infusion using umbilical cord blood and neonatal meconium.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Observational
- Associations of Low-Level Prenatal Alcohol and Cannabis Exposure With Adolescent Cognitive Trajectories.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Postpartum women's motivation for substance use recovery: an exploratory qualitative study of recovery capital.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Exploring the Influence of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Women's Perceptions and Experiences with Perinatal Cannabis Use: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Review
- Strengthening the standard of care for perinatal substance use disorders: reproductive health provider perspectives on training, integration, and system improvements.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Perceptions of stigma of pregnant individuals experiencing substance use disorder receiving prenatal care at magdalene clinic: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Navigating opioid use disorder treatment for pregnant and parenting people: composite narratives for policy action.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Perspectives of professionals on the perinatal period as a window of opportunity for change in women with SUD: insights from healthcare, child welfare, substance use, and child protection services.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The stigma of alcohol use during pregnancy: Exploring the impact of alcohol strength and social context on public perceptions.PloS one · 2026Article
- Understanding Barriers to Disclosure of and Treatment for Substance Use During Pregnancy: A Narrative Synthesis of Literature.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Review
- Identifying Bias at Scale in Clinical Notes Using Large Language Models.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examines the impact of stigma on pregnant people who use substances. Stigma towards people who use drugs is pervasive and negatively impacts the care of substance-using people by characterizing addiction as a weakness and fostering beliefs that undermine the personal resources needed to access treatment and recover from addiction, including self-efficacy, help seeking and belief that they deserve care. Stigma acts on multiple levels by blaming people for having a problem and then making it difficult for them to get help, but in spite of this, most pregnant people who use substances reduce or stop using when they learn they are pregnant. Language, beliefs about gender roles, and attitudes regarding fitness for parenting are social factors that can express and perpetuate stigma while facilitating punitive rather than therapeutic approaches. Because of stigmatizing attitudes that a person who uses substances is unfit to parent, pregnant people who use substances are at heightened risk of being screened for substance use, referred to child welfare services, and having their parental rights taken away; these outcomes are even more likely for people of color. Various treatment options can successfully support recovery in substance-using pregnant populations, but treatment is underutilized in all populations including pregnant people, and more knowledge is needed on how to sustain engagement in treatment and recovery activities. To combat stigma when working with substance-using pregnant people throughout the peripartum period, caregivers should utilize a trauma-informed approach that incorporates harm reduction and motivational interviewing with a focus on building trust, enhancing self-efficacy, and strengthening the personal skills and resources needed to optimize health of the parent-baby dyad.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.