ReviewInternational journal of general medicine2021
Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review.
Review in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Potential limitations in systematic review studies assessing the effect of the main intervention for treatment/therapy of COVID-19 patients: An overview.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of cyclosporine A in moderate to severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Observational
- The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19: a systematic review.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Review
- Paxlovid reduces the 28-day mortality of patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) as Anti-Coronavirus Agents.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The GC-MS Analysis of Kabasura Kudineer: A Vital Siddha Drug in COVID-19 Therapy.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Discovery of Small Molecules Targeting the Frameshifting Element RNA in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Article
- Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Observational
- The Potential of Nanobodies for COVID-19 Diagnostics and Therapeutics.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Global Post-Outbreak COVID-19 Treatment Interventions: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Review
- N-acetylcysteine as adjuvant therapy for hospitalized Covid-19 patients: A single-center prospective cohort study.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- Targeting the Complement-Sphingolipid System in COVID-19 and Gaucher Diseases: Evidence for a New Treatment Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Evaluation of clinical and laboratory characteristics and factors affecting mortality in 500 hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19.Food chemistry advances · 2022Review
- Renessans Helps in Early Clearance of SARS-CoV-2:Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In Vitro Evaluation and Mitigation of Niclosamide's Liabilities as a COVID-19 Treatment.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain that causes acute respiratory illnesses known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is limited information regarding the therapeutic management for this disease. Several studies have stated that antivirals drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir may potentially inhibit the virus from spreading to the host.
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical effectiveness and safety of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir on COVID-19.
methodsThe PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2021 to identify eligible experimental randomized controlled trials on remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19 patients. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.
resultsFrom 158 references, 15 studies were included in the review. The results showed that remdesivir has some potential benefits for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as seen from clinical improvements such as faster recovery time, less duration of hospitalization, and fewer respiratory side effects among COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of remdesivir in reducing mortality remains uncertain. Treatment with favipiravir has shown promising improvement in the clinical status of COVID-19 patients, although the results suggested no significant differences in some clinical parameters such as length of hospitalizations and clinical recovery. A combination of favipiravir with other supportive therapy showed more favorable outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients reported no significant clinical improvement compared to standard care with notable adverse effect reactions.
conclusionThis study provides an overview of the evidence-based role of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the management of COVID-19. A thorough assessment of the benefit-risk profile in COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. The current review was based on very limited available data; therefore, further well-designed clinical trials are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.