ArticleJournal of safety research2021
Use of child safety seats and booster seats in the United States: A comparison of parent/caregiver-reported and observed use estimates.
Article in Journal of safety research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in pediatric traumatic brain injury-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2024: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Analysis of factors influencing the use of child restraint system by parents of children aged 0-6 years: an information, motivation, behavioral skills model-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Nationwide emergency department visits for pediatric traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 2016-2020.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Will Smart Improvements to Child Restraints Increase Their Popularity?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMotor-vehicles crashes are a leading cause of death among children. Age- and size-appropriate restraint use can prevent crash injuries and deaths among children. Strategies to increase child restraint use should be informed by reliable estimates of restraint use practices.
objectiveCompare parent/caregiver-reported and observed child restraint use estimates from the FallStyles and Estilos surveys with the National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS).
methodsEstimates of child restraint use from two online, cross-sectional surveys-FallStyles, a survey of U.S. adults, and Estilos, a survey of U.S. Hispanic adults-were compared with observed data collected in NSUBS. Parents/caregivers of children aged ≤ 12 years were asked about the child's restraint use behaviors in FallStyles and Estilos, while restraint use was observed in NSUBS. Age-appropriate restraint use was defined as rear-facing child safety seat (CSS) use for children aged 0-4 years, forward-facing CSS use for children aged 2-7 years, booster seat use for children aged 5-12 years, and seat belt use for children aged 9-12 years. Age-appropriate restraint users are described by demographic characteristics and seat row, with weighted prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated.
resultsOverall, child restraint use as reported by parents/caregivers was 90.8% (CI: 87.5-94.1) (FallStyles) and 89.4% (CI: 85.5-93.4) for observed use (NSUBS). Among Hispanic children, reported restraint use was 82.6% (CI: 73.9-91.3) (Estilos) and 84.4% (CI: 79.0-88.6) for observed use (NSUBS, Hispanic children only). For age-appropriate restraint use, estimates ranged from 74.3% (CI: 69.7-79.0) (FallStyles) to 59.7% (CI: 55.0-64.4) (NSUBS), and for Hispanic children, from 71.5% (CI: 62.1-81.0) (Estilos) to 57.2% (CI: 51.2-63.2) (NSUBS, Hispanic children only). Conclusion and Practical Application: Overall estimates of parent/caregiver-reported and observed child restraint use were similar. However, for age-appropriate restraint use, reported use was higher than observed use for most age groups.
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