ReviewJournal of physiological anthropology2021
Assessment of autonomic function by long-term heart rate variability: beyond the classical framework of LF and HF measurements.
Review in Journal of physiological anthropology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inspiratory muscle training and cardiac autonomic function in healthy adults: a systematic review of acute and chronic responses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Exercise Modality on Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association between Short-Term Exposure to Ozone and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Multimodal Personalized Mobile Health Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Occupational Stress Management: Pilot Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Regular postexercise sauna bathing does not improve heart rate variability: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System Function During Sleep by Mindful Breathing Using a Tablet Device: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR nursing · 2024Trial
- Reliability of short-term measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Wearable-measured heart rate variability and premenstrual disorder symptoms across menstrual cycle.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Combined NY1301 and DDMP on Sleep and Autonomic Function in Summer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes Defined by Cognition Have a Distinct Neural and Clinical Profile and Differ in Response to Atomoxetine.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Influence of resilience on autonomic nervous system habituation to repeated stress exposure: Insights from heart rate variability and heart rate response.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Repeatability of heart-rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity as metrics of cardiac autonomic function during exercise in young females and males.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- A Feasibility Study of Literature-Guided HRV Stratification Using Large Language Models.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of diurnal blood pressure patterns with heart rate variability and retinopathy in patients with essential hypertension.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Resting heart rate as an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Dysfunction After Stroke: Prognostic Markers for Recovery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A new approach to interpreting the LF/HF ratio: a study in hypertensive patients.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Patients With Tic Disorders: A 1-Year Prospective Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Practicing a Virtual Reality Using Two Different Interaction Devices (Concrete and Abstract): A Prospective Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of overweight-obesity on heart rate variability among Indian adults - A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV), the framework that the power of high-frequency component or its surrogate indices reflects parasympathetic activity, while the power of low-frequency component or LF/HF reflects sympathetic activity has been used as the theoretical basis for the interpretation of HRV. Although this classical framework has contributed greatly to the widespread use of HRV for the assessment of autonomic function, it was obtained from studies of short-term HRV (typically 5‑10 min) under tightly controlled conditions. If it is applied to long-term HRV (typically 24 h) under free-running conditions in daily life, erroneous conclusions could be drawn. Also, long-term HRV could contain untapped useful information that is not revealed in the classical framework. In this review, we discuss the limitations of the classical framework and present studies that extracted autonomic function indicators and other useful biomedical information from long-term HRV using novel approaches beyond the classical framework. Those methods include non-Gaussianity index, HRV sleep index, heart rate turbulence, and the frequency and amplitude of cyclic variation of heart rate.
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