Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34847961›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2021

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study among Palestinian students (10-18 years).

Eqbal Radwan, Afnan Radwan, Walaa Radwan, Digvijay Pandey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Eqbal RadwanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. ernp2030@gmail.com.
Afnan RadwanFaculty of Education, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Walaa RadwanFaculty of Education, Ummah Open University, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Digvijay PandeyDepartment of Technical Education, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul, Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic considers a threat to students' well-being and mental health. The current descriptive cross-sectional study aims to identify psychological distress among school students during the lockdown period.

methodsThis study was carried out in a sample of 420 primary and secondary school students from June 10 to July 13, 2020, in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that included informed consent, socio-demographic questions, and a psychometric scale (DASS-21).

resultsThe results revealed that most students experienced moderate to severe levels of anxiety (89.1%) and depression (72.1%), whereas less than half of them (35.7%) experienced moderate to severe stress. Stress, anxiety and depression scores were significantly different across gender, age groups, family size, and family's economic status. The results showed that gender (β = -0.174, p < 0.001), age (β = -0.155, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = -0.147, p = 0.002) were negative predictors correlated with stress. Family size (β = 0.156, p = 0.001) played a positive role in stress. It was found that gender (β = -0.105, p = 0.031), age (β = -0.135, p = 0.006) and economic level of family (β = -0.136, p = 0.005) were negative predictors correlated with anxiety, whereas family size (β = 0.139, p = 0.004) played a positive role in anxiety. For depression, gender (β = -0.162, p = 0.001), age (β = -0.160, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = -0.131, p = 0.007) were negative predictors correlated with depression, whereas family size (β = -0.133, p = 0.006) was found to be a positive predictor. Concerns about the influence of COVID-19 on economic, education, and daily life were positively correlated to the levels of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas the availability of social support was negatively correlated.

conclusionThe development of a health protocol for influenced students is urgently needed to maintain them remain resilient during dangerous times.

Indexed as

COVID-19AnxietyArabsCommunicable Disease ControlCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionHumansPandemicsPrevalenceSARS-CoV-2Stress, PsychologicalStudentsAnxietyCOVID-19DASS-21 scaleDepressionGaza StripPalestineStress

Identifiers

PMID34847961
PMCPMC8630193

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.