ReviewBMC public health2021
What social determinants outside paid work are related to development of mental health during life? An integrative review of results from the Northern Swedish Cohort.
Review in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Policy implications for improved and equitable mental health - the Swedish case: a summative content analysis of findings across 26 years from two qualitative meta-syntheses.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health that permeate adolescent students' mental distress.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Aging: Insights from a Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Social issues in general practice - a survey assessing the interprofessional perspective of general practitioners and social workers regarding frequency, challenges, and needs.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Intervention strategies to prevent mental health problems and improve resilience in employed parents from conception until the child is 5 years of age: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundDespite global increase in burden of mental health conditions, longitudinal studies on factors related to development of mental health are scarce. Particularly integrated understanding of how factors at each level of ecological system interact to influence mental health of individuals during their life is missing. Both work and outside work (life beyond work) spheres are two important areas in human life which can have independent effects on mental health of individuals. In this integrative review, we aimed to synthesis findings about social determinants outside paid work that are related to development of mental health during life in a 27-year prospective Swedish Cohort study by using Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory.
methodsThe material for this paper consists of all mental health related papers within Northern Swedish Cohort. Papers related to outside paid work exposures of life circumstances were selected. An integrative review was conducted on 27 papers and deductive qualitative content analysis in relation to Bronfenbrenner ecological framework was performed to identify the main themes.
resultsThe results of this review showed that class structures and gender order at macro-level permeated into all other levels and finally became embodied in the individuals as symptoms of mental health during life. At the "exo-level" neighbourhood disadvantage was related to mental ill-health of individuals. The importance of parental interaction with other settings, like school, for mental health of individuals was highlighted at "meso-level". At "micro-level" poor social relationships; social and material adversities and inequality in gender relations during adult life were related to mental ill-health.
conclusionWe found mental health of individuals to be related to both unique and common factors manifesting at different socio-ecological levels. Social structures at the macro-level namely class structures and gender order permeate all other levels and eventually become embodied in the individuals as symptoms of mental health during life. Interventions addressing gender and class related inequalities might be of importance for improving mental health of individuals during their life.
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