Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34847915›Full record

Trial reportBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021

Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Su Su Hlaing, Rungthip Puntumetakul, Ei Ei Khine, Rose Boucaut

7 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
17.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05832918 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Core Stability Exercises and Cognitive Tasks Compared to General Exercises and Cognitive Tasks on Chronic Non-specific Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorIran University of Medical SciencesRan2023 to 2025Enrolled48ConditionsChronic Non-specific Low Back PainArmsexercise therapy
NCT05905562 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Core Muscle Activation Exercise Training Program on Pain, Range of Motion, and Function in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2023 to 2023Enrolled34ConditionsLow Back PainArmscore stabilization exercises, Spinal mobilization techniques
NCT06131138 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Aquatic Exercises and Core Strengthening on Disability, Flexibility and Postural Stability in Weightlifters With Chronic Low Back Pain.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2023 to 2024Enrolled33ConditionsHydrotherapy, Core Stability, Resistance Training, Low Back PainArmsAquatic exercises, Core strengthening
NCT06696989 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Effects of Frenkel's and Core Stability Exercises on Coordination and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled50ConditionsCerebral Palsy (CP)ArmsFrenkel's exercises, Core stability exercises
NCT06963918 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Forward Trunk Flexion in Parkinson's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorGeneral University Hospital, PragueRan2025 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsParkinson DiseaseArmsExpiratory muscle strength training
NCT07334782 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Investigation of the Effects of Vertebral Axial Loading Walking Training Added to Core Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Trunk Sensory Function, Muscle Strength and Endurance, Balance, and Proprioception in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorHacettepe UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled20ConditionsChronic Low-back Pain (cLBP)ArmsExercise - Core Stabilization Exercise Program, Core Stabilization Exercises Plus Vertebral Axial Loading Walking Training
NCT07659327 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects Of Sahrmann's Versus McGill Exercise On Pain, Disability, And Range Of Motion In Patients With Non-Specific Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled42ConditionsNon-specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP)ArmsSahrmann's Exercises, McGill Exercises
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Impact of core strengthening on chronic mechanical low back pain: a clinical trial based on Saliba's postural classification.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
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  14. Early functional training is not superior to routine rehabilitation in improving walking distance and multifidus atrophy after lumbar fusion: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Su Su HlaingHuman Movement Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Rungthip PuntumetakulResearch Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. rungthiprt@gmail.com.
Ei Ei KhineDepartment of Radiology, Yangon Orthopedic Hospital, Kyee Myin Daing Township, Yangon, 11101, Myanmar.
Rose BoucautUniversity of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
Khon Kaen University · THUniversity of South Australia · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTherapeutic exercises are used in clinical practice for patients with low back pain (LBP). Core stabilization exercises can retrain the important function of local trunk muscles and increase the accuracy of the sensory integration process for stability of the spine in individuals with LBP. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different exercise regimes, Core stabilization exercises (CSE) and Strengthening exercise (STE), on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain-related outcomes in patients with subacute non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).

methodsThirty-six subacute NSLBP patients, [mean age, 34.78 ± 9.07 years; BMI, 24.03 ± 3.20 Kg/m

resultsThe CSE group demonstrated significantly more improvement than the STE group after 4 weeks of intervention. Improvements were in: proprioception [mean difference (95% CI): - 0.295 (- 0.37 to - 0.2), effect size: 1.38, (p <  0.001)], balance: single leg standing with eyes open and eyes closed on both stable and unstable surfaces (p <  0.05), and percentage change of muscle thickness of TrA and LM (p <  0.01). Although both exercise groups gained relief from pain, the CSE group demonstrated greater reduction of functional disability [effect size: 0.61, (p <  0.05)] and fear of movement [effect size: 0.80, (p < 0.01)]. There were no significant adverse effects in either type of exercise program.

conclusionDespite both core stabilization and strengthening exercises reducing pain, core stabilization exercise is superior to strengthening exercise. It is effective in improving proprioception, balance, and percentage change of muscle thickness of TrA and LM, and reducing functional disability and fear of movement in patients with subacute NSLBP.

trial registrationThai Clinical Trial Registry ( TCTR20180822001 ; August 21, 2018).

Indexed as

Low Back PainAbdominal MusclesAdultExerciseHumansParaspinal MusclesProprioceptionJoint repositioning errorStabilization exerciseSubacute low back painUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID34847915
PMCPMC8630919
OpenAlexW3215156003

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 1 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.