ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
In vivo imaging of the human eye using a 2-photon-excited fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Phototherapies for Future Treatment of Uveal Melanoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The Eye and the Brain: Photonic Devices in Neuro-Ophthalmology.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Quantitative Flavoprotein Fluorescence Parameters in Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Brillouin microscopic assessment of retinal stiffness during reactive Müller gliosis.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a nanosecond dissipative soliton resonance fiber laser for multiphoton microscopy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Light and metabolism: label-free optical imaging of metabolic activities in biological systems [Invited].Biomedical optics express · 2025Review
- Multiphoton microscopy at a microwatt level via gain-managed nonlinear amplification and pulse-picking.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Principles of microscopy for ophthalmologists.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy adds the retina to cortical pathology for visual dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Article
- Multispectral label-freeJournal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
- Two-photon autofluorescence lifetime assay of rabbit photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium during light-dark visual cycles in rabbit retina.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Femtosecond pulsed laser photodynamic therapy activates melanin and eradicates malignant melanoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration, a Mathematically Tractable Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
- The Impact of Photopigment Bleaching on the Human Rod Photoreceptor Subretinal Space Measured Via Optical Coherence Tomography.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Two-Photon and Multiphoton Microscopy in Anterior Segment Diseases of the Eye.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Two-photon imaging of soliton dynamics.Nature communications · 2023Article
- From mouse to human: Accessing the biochemistry of vision in vivo by two-photon excitation.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundNoninvasive assessment of metabolic processes that sustain regeneration of human retinal visual pigments (visual cycle) is essential to improve ophthalmic diagnostics and to accelerate development of new treatments to counter retinal diseases. Fluorescent vitamin A derivatives, which are the chemical intermediates of these processes, are highly sensitive to UV light; thus, safe analyses of these processes in humans are currently beyond the reach of even the most modern ocular imaging modalities.MethodsWe present a compact, 2-photon-excited fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectrally resolved images of the human retina based on 2-photon excitation (TPE) with near-infrared light. A custom Er:fiber laser with integrated pulse selection, along with intelligent postprocessing of data, enables excitation with low laser power and precise measurement of weak signals.ResultsWe demonstrate spectrally resolved TPE fundus images of human subjects. Comparison of TPE data between human and mouse models of retinal diseases revealed similarity with mouse models that rapidly accumulate bisretinoid condensation products. Thus, visual cycle intermediates and toxic byproducts of this metabolic pathway can be measured and quantified by TPE imaging.ConclusionOur work establishes a TPE instrument and measurement method for noninvasive metabolic assessment of the human retina. This approach opens the possibility for monitoring eye diseases in the earliest stages before structural damage to the retina occurs.FundingNIH, Research to Prevent Blindness, Foundation for Polish Science, European Regional Development Fund, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.