ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2022
Visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy human eyes assessed using an automated ocular photosensitivity analyser: a step towards translation of a clinical tool for assessing photophobia.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topography of Photophobia: Perifoveal Sensitivity Associations in Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Quantitative assessment of light discomfort thresholds in a patient with photoallodynia treated with topical naltrexone 0.01.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Light Filtering Lenses and Visual Photosensitivity in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Light discomfort thresholds in patients with senile cataract versus pseudophakic subjects.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Heightened visual light sensitivity discomfort measured by the ocular photosensitivity analyzer is associated with chronic ocular pain.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Light discomfort thresholds under different lighting conditions in healthy subjects and dry eye patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy eyes, thereby providing a normative dataset that will lead to a better understanding of diseases causing photophobia.
methodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study. Emmetropes whose visual acuity was better than 0.18 logMAR (6/9) with no other ocular abnormality were included. Headache Impact Test-6 and visual light sensitivity questionnaires were administered. Visual photosensitivity threshold was measured subjectively using the ocular photosensitivity analyser. Objective photosensitivity luminance was assessed manually by evaluating videos recorded using an infrared camera and noting the intensity of light at the first squeezing reflex.
resultsSeventy five normal subjects (age range, 7-71 years) were included. Median age was 32.7 years (inter-quartile range, 20.3-47.9 years). Forty (53.3%) were males. Median Headache Impact Test score was 38 (inter-quartile range, 36-42) and visual light sensitivity questionnaire score was 11 (inter-quartile range, 8-15). Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity threshold was 3.34 (0.78), 3.33 (0.81) and 3.37 (0.78) loglux, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation of visual light sensitivity questionnaire scores with right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds, and positive correlation of age with binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds. Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular objective photosensitivity luminance was 3.25 (0.55), 3.35 (0.47) and 3.15 (0.52) loglux, respectively. Age was only positively correlated with binocular objective photosensitivity luminance, and there was no correlation between age and right eye or left eye objective photosensitivity luminance.
conclusionsThe study characterised, for the first time, objective photosensitivity luminance and established normative data for both visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance. The data will help in understanding the pathophysiology of diseases causing photophobia, monitoring the disease progression and evaluating treatment modalities.
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