ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022
Cumulative Risk of Immigration Prison Conditions on Health Outcomes Among Detained Immigrants in California.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of immigration detention on mental health: an updated systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Perceived Detention Environment and Mental Health of Detainees in Immigration Detention Centers in Spain.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Duration in Immigration Detention and Health Harms.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The health-related experiences of detained immigrants with and without mental illness.Journal of migration and health · 2025Article
- Asylum seekers and the role of the acute care physician.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Review
- Neurological Care of Refugees and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons.Seminars in neurology · 2024Article
- Does the immigrant health advantage extend to incarcerated immigrants?SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Advancing Research To Address The Health Impacts Of Structural Racism In US Immigration Prisons.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- Looking Back: Decarcerating Immigration Prisons as a Tool for Improved Health.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Harmful by Design-a Qualitative Study of the Health Impacts of Immigration Detention.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe USA maintains the world's largest immigration detention system. This study examines the mechanisms by which detention serves as a catalyst for worsening health.
methodsUsing data from detained immigrants in California (n = 493) from 2013 to 2014, we assessed the prevalence of exposure to conditions of confinement hypothesized to negatively influence health; the extent to which conditions of confinement are associated with psychological stress, diagnosed mental health conditions, and/or declines in general health; and the cumulative impact of confinement conditions on these outcomes.
resultsWe found that each condition increased the likelihood of one or more negative health conditions, but there was also a cumulative effect: for each additional confinement condition, the odds of worsening general health rose by 39% and reporting good health decreased by 24%.
conclusionsConfinement conditions are associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes among immigrants detained in immigration prisons. Policies that seek to improve specific conditions in detention centers may remove some risks of harm, but alternatives to detention are likely to be most effective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.