Observational studyJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2022
GDF9 concentration in embryo culture medium is linked to human embryo quality and viability.
Observational study in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced prediction of breast cancer patient response to chemotherapy by integrating deconvolved expression patterns of immune, stromal and tumor cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The embryo non-invasive pre-implantation diagnosis era: how far are we?Animal reproduction · 2023Article
- Non-invasive evaluation of embryo quality for the selection of transferable embryos in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to evaluate the link between the GDF9 concentration in day 3 human embryo culture medium and embryo quality and viability.
methodsTwo independent, prospective, observational studies were conducted. In study 1, a total of 280 embryos from 70 patients who obtained at least 4 embryos with 6-10 blastomeres (2 transferable and 2 non-transferable embryos) at day 3 were enrolled. In study 2, a total of 119 embryos from 61 patients (29 fully implanted and 32 non-implanted patients) were enrolled. The corresponding GDF9 concentrations in spent culture medium of embryos were quantified by ELISA assay. The expression pattern of GDF9 in human embryos was investigated using Q-PCR and immunofluorescence.
resultsGDF9 mRNA and protein were detected from human oocytes to eight-cell embryos and displayed a slow decreasing trend. In study 1, GDF9 concentration in culture medium is lower for transferable embryos compared with non-transferable embryos (331 pg/mL (quartiles: 442, 664 pg/mL) vs. 518 pg/mL (quartiles: 328, 1086 pg/mL), P < 0.001), and increased commensurate with the diminution of the embryo quality (P < 0.001). In study 2, significantly lower GDF9 concentration was detected for implanted embryos than non-implanted embryos (331 pg/mL (quartiles: 156, 665 pg/mL) vs. 518 pg/mL (quartiles: 328, 1086 pg/mL), P < 0.001). The same trend was found between the embryos that led to live birth and those that failed.
conclusionThe GDF9 concentration in culture medium is linked to embryo quality and viability, and exhibited the potential to be a non-invasive biomarker for embryo selection.
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