ArticleScientific reports2021
HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the HLA System Really Involved in Implantation, Pregnancy, or Abortion of the Fetus?: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Controversial Points.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- The digital keystone: how artificial intelligence is reshaping HLA research and clinical practice.Immunogenetics · 2026Review
- Human leukocyte antigen genotype modulates cytomegalovirus- and Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell response in healthy donors for optimized virus-specific T-cell donor selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Risk and Association of Specific HLA Alleles With Nintedanib-Induced Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions: A Discovery Study in an Italian Population.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Article
- MeQTL Mapping in African American Hepatocytes Reveals Shared Genetic Regulators of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The role of HLA-G in primary biliary cholangitis and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- HLA-G regulation through trogocytosis: intercellular membrane transfer mechanisms and immune dysregulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Genetic variants of the HLA-G/LILRB1 ligand-receptor axis in donors or recipients are prognostic covariates for rejection after living kidney transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus infection in Tunisian population.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Article
- Immune-checkpoint HLA-G gene polymorphisms, 3'-UTR types and their association with hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment response in Indian population.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- The + 3010/C single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1710) at the HLA-G 3' untranslated region is associated with a short transcript exhibiting a deletion of 92 nucleotides.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The impact of soluble HLA-G in IVF/ICSI embryo culture medium on implantation success.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- MUC22, HLA-A, and HLA-DOB variants and COVID-19 in resilient super-agers from Brazil.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The HLA-G Immune Checkpoint Plays a Pivotal Role in the Regulation of Immune Response in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HLA-G is a promiscuous immune checkpoint molecule. The HLA-G gene presents substantial nucleotide variability in its regulatory regions. However, it encodes a limited number of proteins compared to classical HLA class I genes. We characterized the HLA-G genetic variability in 4640 individuals from 88 different population samples across the globe by using a state-of-the-art method to characterize polymorphisms and haplotypes from high-coverage next-generation sequencing data. We also provide insights regarding the HLA-G genetic diversity and a resource for future studies evaluating HLA-G polymorphisms in different populations and association studies. Despite the great haplotype variability, we demonstrated that: (1) most of the HLA-G polymorphisms are in introns and regulatory sequences, and these are the sites with evidence of balancing selection, (2) linkage disequilibrium is high throughout the gene, extending up to HLA-A, (3) there are few proteins frequently observed in worldwide populations, with lack of variation in residues associated with major HLA-G biological properties (dimer formation, interaction with leukocyte receptors). These observations corroborate the role of HLA-G as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen-presenting molecule. Understanding HLA-G variability across populations is relevant for disease association and functional studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.