Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34844835›Full record

ReviewSeminars in immunology2021

Empowering patients from within: Emerging nanomedicines for in vivo immune cell reprogramming.

Matthias T Stephan

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Seminars in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trojan Horse Strategy: How Biomimetic Nanomedicine Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  2. In vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Matthias T StephanClinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA. Electronic address: mstephan@fredhutch.org.
University of Washington · US

Funding

Rational in situ programming of cancer vaccine-responding T-cell clonesR01CA261858 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI STEPHAN, MATTHIAS · 2021 to 2025
$2.3M
Generating rapid antitumor immunity with lymphocyte-reprogramming nanocarriersR01CA207407 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI STEPHAN, MATTHIAS · 2017 to 2021
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA207407NCI NIH HHS R01 CA261858
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently, medicine lacks the ability to reprogram selected immune cells so they possess all the functions which, from a clinical standpoint, physicians might wish them to have. To solve this problem, scientists have been marrying concepts from materials science, immunology, and genetic engineering to develop novel nanotherapeutics that directly genetically reprogram immune cells inside the body. These products could address key limitations of existing ex vivo-engineered cell immunotherapies and substantially enhance patient access and outcomes. This review highlights the latest advances in this rapidly emerging biotech field and discusses challenges in translating these preclinical studies into successful clinical nanomedicines.

Indexed as

Cellular ReprogrammingNanomedicineGenetic EngineeringHumansImmunotherapyPower, PsychologicalCAR T-cellDendritic cellIn vivo cell reprogrammingMacrophageNanotechnologyNonviral gene therapyT-cell therapy

Identifiers

PMID34844835
PMCPMC8792224
OpenAlexW3214964346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.