Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34844708›Full record

ReviewAdvances in immunology2021

Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics.

Tilo Freiwald, Behdad Afzali

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. iScience · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Complosome - the intracellular complement system.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Locally generated C3 regulates the clearance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Tilo FreiwaldImmunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Behdad AfzaliDepartment of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: ben.afzali@nih.gov.
Goethe University Frankfurt · DE

Funding

Unravelling immunoregulatory circuits of tissue inflammationZIADK075149 · NIDDK · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · PI AFZALI, BEHDAD · 2019 to 2025
$19.3M
A New Therapy for Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion InjuryR44DK075149 · NIDDK · THERASOURCE, LLC · PI JACOB, ASHA · 2010 to 2012
$1.2M
New Therapy for Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion InjuryR43DK075149 · NIDDK · THERASOURCE, LLC · PI WU, RONGQIAN · 2006 to 2007
$288k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DK075149NIDDK NIH HHS R43 DK075149NIDDK NIH HHS R44 DK075149
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The complement system is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved key danger sensing system that is critical for host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system is a vital component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of pathogens. It is also a central orchestrator of adaptive immune responses and a constituent of normal tissue homeostasis. Once complement activation occurs, this system deposits indiscriminately on any cell surface in the vicinity and has the potential to cause unwanted and excessive tissue injury. Deposition of complement components is recognized as a hallmark of a variety of kidney diseases, where it is indeed associated with damage to the self. The provenance and the pathophysiological role(s) played by complement in each kidney disease is not fully understood. However, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the study of complement, with greater appreciation of its intracellular roles as a cell-intrinsic system and its interplay with immune effector pathways. This has been paired with a profusion of novel therapeutic agents antagonizing complement components, including approved inhibitors against complement components (C)1, C3, C5 and C5aR1. A number of clinical trials have investigated the use of these more targeted approaches for the management of kidney diseases. In this review we present and summarize the evidence for the roles of complement in kidney diseases and discuss the available clinical evidence for complement inhibition.

Indexed as

Complement System ProteinsKidney DiseasesAnimalsComplement ActivationHumansImmunity, InnateComplement System ProteinsAvacopanC3C5Complement inhibitorsComplement systemComplosomeEculizumabImmunologyKidney disease

Identifiers

PMID34844708
PMCPMC8905641
OpenAlexW3217202155

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.