SynthesisThe Science of the total environment2022
Effectiveness of interventions for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil to prevent or reduce lead exposure - A systematic review.
Synthesis in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community responses to soil remediation for lead exposure reduction in Mirzapur, Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Get the Lead Out: A Community-Driven Approach to Characterize Urban Soil Lead Levels near a Battery Smelter.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- A community-based participatory research program to identify lead exposure risks and community priorities.Discover social science and health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ascorbic acid as an intervention of metal toxicity in dogs in Kabwe district.Veterinary and animal science · 2025Article
- Environmental Determinants of Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Synthesis of Observational Evidence and Implications for Global Policy.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- How Effective Are Secondary Interventions at Improving Health Outcomes In Children Exposed to Lead in Early Childhood?Review of environmental economics and policy · 2024Article
- A Multigenerational Model of Environmental Risk for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) Children and Families.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- A precision environmental health approach to prevention of human disease.Nature communications · 2023Review
- Lead Data Mapping to Prioritize US Locations for Whole-of-Government Exposure Prevention Efforts: State of the Science, Federal Collaborations, and Remaining Challenges.American journal of public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of soil remediation to prevent or reduce lead exposure.
methodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, the Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1980 to February 15, 2021. We also performed reference list checking, hand-searched websites, and contacted experts. Eligible studies evaluated the effect of soil remediation to prevent or reduce lead exposure in humans of any age. We screened all records dually; one investigator performed the data extraction; a second checked for completeness and accuracy. Two investigators independently rated the risk of bias of included studies and graded the certainty of evidence. We synthesized findings narratively.
resultsWe identified 6614 potentially relevant publications, all focused on children, of which five studies (six records) fulfilled our prespecified inclusion criteria. The number of evaluated participants ranged from 31 to 1425, with follow-up periods of 11 months to one year. The primary soil remediation method was the replacement of the upper layer with clean soil. Outcomes were limited to blood lead levels (BLL), dust lead levels, and soil lead levels. The largest study, a controlled before- after study (n = 1425) reported favorable effects of soil remediation compared to no intervention. This finding was consistent with results from two cross-sectional studies and one uncontrolled before-after study. One year post-remediation, the mean reduction in BLL was 2.1 μg/dL (p < 0.0001) greater in the intervention group than in the control group. Two randomized controlled trials with a total of 511 participants showed no statistically significant incremental effect of soil remediation when combined with paint and/or dust abatement. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was low.
conclusionSoil remediation appears to reduce BLL in children when used as a single intervention. The incremental benefit of soil remediation when part of other interventions is limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.