Trial reportThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2022
Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a large, live, indoor gathering (SPRING): a non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial.
Trial report in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04872075 (Study on Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission During a Large Indoor Gathering Event), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study on Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission During a Large Indoor Gathering Event
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in reducing COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of testing, contact tracing and isolation interventions among the general population on reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal epidemiology of influenza in Fujian Province: an 18-year observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Why Randomized Controlled Trials are Necessary to Address the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions During a Public Health Emergency Such as COVID-19.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- Comparing strategies for the mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 airborne infection risk in tiered auditorium venues.Communications engineering · 2024Article
- Wind velocity and dispersion/advection-diffusion of artificial droplets and droplet nuclei in a domed all-weather multi-purpose stadium.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in professional settings, shops, shared transport, and leisure activities in France, 2020-2022.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Impact of the 2022 African Cup of Nations mass-gathering event on the COVID-19 epidemic in Garoua, Cameroon.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- From Microscopic Droplets to Macroscopic Crowds: Crossing the Scales in Models of Short-Range Respiratory Disease Transmission, with Application to COVID-19.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Airborne infections related to virus aerosol contamination at indoor cultural venues: Recommendations on how to minimize.Public health challenges · 2023Review
- A Novel Social Distancing Approach for Limiting the Number of Vehicles in Smart Buildings Using LiFi Hybrid-Network.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Agile Co-production and Evaluation framework for developing public health interventions, messaging and guidance.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2023Review
- A large outbreak of COVID-19 linked to an end of term trip to Menorca (Spain) by secondary school students in summer 2021.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Lessons Learned from In-Person Conferences in the Times of COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Participatory disease surveillance for a mass gathering - a prospective cohort study on COVID-19, Germany 2021.BMC public health · 2022Observational
- Clinical trial research agenda on COVID-19 - the first two years in Germany and beyond.Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen · 2022Review
- Self-Reported COVID-19 Infections and Social Mixing Behavior at Oncology Meetings.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMass indoor gatherings were banned in early 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to assess, under controlled conditions, whether infection rates among attendees at a large, indoor gathering event would be similar to those in non-attendees, given implementation of a comprehensive prevention strategy including antigen-screening within 3 days, medical mask wearing, and optimised ventilation.
methodsThe non-inferiority, prospective, open-label, randomised, controlled SPRING trial was done on attendees at a live indoor concert held in the Accor Arena on May 29, 2021 in Paris, France. Participants, aged 18-45 years, recruited via a dedicated website, had no comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, or recent case contact, and had had a negative rapid antigen diagnostic test within 3 days before the concert. Participants were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to the experimental group (attendees) or to the control group (non-attendees). The allocation sequence was computer-generated by means of permuted blocks of sizes three, six, or nine, with no stratification. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients who were SARS-CoV-2-positive by RT-PCR test on self-collected saliva 7 days post-gathering in the per-protocol population (non-inferiority margin <0·35%). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04872075.
findingsBetween May 11 and 25, 2021, 18 845 individuals registered on the dedicated website, and 10 953 were randomly selected for a pre-enrolment on-site visit. Among 6968 who kept the appointment and were screened, 6678 participants were randomly assigned (4451 were assigned to be attendees and 2227 to be non-attendees; median age 28 years; 59% women); 88% (3917) of attendees and 87% (1947) of non-attendees complied with follow-up requirements. The day 7 RT-PCR was positive for eight of the 3917 attendees (observed incidence, 0·20%; 95% CI 0·09-0·40) and three of the 1947 non-attendees (0·15%; 0·03-0·45; absolute difference, 95% CI -0·26% to 0·28%), findings that met the non-inferiority criterion for the primary endpoint.
interpretationParticipation in a large, indoor, live gathering without physical distancing was not associated with increased SARS-CoV-2-transmission risk, provided a comprehensive preventive intervention was implemented.
fundingFrench Ministry of Health. TRANSLATION: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.