ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells can persist in the elderly who have lost detectable neutralizing antibodies.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Article
- Longitudinal humoral and memory B-cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in long-term care facilities residents.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Differential functional immune recall across homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Assessing COVID-19 IgG levels among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals in Mthatha - South africa: A case-control approach.Virusdisease · 2025Article
- Dominant and cross-reactive S1-specific memory B cell response induced by primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficient boosting of Omicron-reactive memory B cells after breakthrough infection protects from repeated exposure.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Immune signature in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated aged people with COVID-19 pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly: a prospective longitudinal study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Article
- The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The single-dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine elicited robust and persistent anti-spike IgG antibody responses in a 12-month Ugandan cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralization following heterologous vaccination in the elderly.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Can T Cells Abort SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Attenuated humoral responses in HIV after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination linked to B cell defects and altered immune profiles.iScience · 2023Article
- Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 demonstrates impaired TResearch square · 2022Article
- Attenuated humoral responses in HIV infection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are linked to global B cell defects and cellular immune profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) can provide a recall response able to supplement waning antibodies (Abs) with an affinity-matured response better able to neutralize variant viruses. We studied a cohort of elderly care home residents and younger staff (median age of 87 years and 56 years, respectively), who had survived COVID-19 outbreaks with only mild or asymptomatic infection. The cohort was selected because of its high proportion of individuals who had lost neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), thus allowing us to specifically investigate the reserve immunity from SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs in this setting. Class-switched spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) tetramer-binding MBCs persisted 5 months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of age. The majority of spike- and RBD-specific MBCs had a classical phenotype, but we found that activated MBCs, indicating possible ongoing antigenic stimulation or inflammation, were expanded in the elderly group. Spike- and RBD-specific MBCs remained detectable in the majority of individuals who had lost nAbs, although at lower frequencies and with a reduced IgG/IgA isotype ratio. Functional spike-, S1 subunit of the spike protein- (S1-), and RBD-specific recall was also detectable by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay in some individuals who had lost nAbs, but was significantly impaired in the elderly. Our findings demonstrate that a reserve of SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs persists beyond the loss of nAbs but highlight the need for careful monitoring of functional defects in spike- and RBD-specific B cell immunity in the elderly.
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