Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2021
Electrophysiological Brain Changes Associated With Cognitive Improvement in a Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Digital Artificial Intelligence-Driven Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Digital Technology-Based Interventions on Core Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Multimodal Digital Therapeutics Enhanced by Task Design and AI for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Executive Functions and Clinical Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of different digital interventions on symptoms for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of game-based digital intervention for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis using Beard and Wilson's conceptualization of perception in experiential learning.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in ADHD: a global perspective on research hotspots, trends and clinical applications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Concordance of randomised controlled trials for artificial intelligence interventions with the CONSORT-AI reporting guidelines.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the efficacy of digital therapies in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- AΙ-Driven Interventions for Neurocognitive, Self-Regulation, and Adaptive Skill Development in Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neuropsychological Mechanisms Associated with the Effectiveness of AI-Delivered Health Promotion Programs: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Compliance of a Working Memory Multitasking Task Mobile Intervention for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Single-Arm, Pre-Post Pilot Study.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intelligent Cognitive Stimulation Program for Adults with ADHD: Study Protocol.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of digital interventions on neuroplasticity and brain function of individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review.Internet interventions · 2025Review
- Digital Mental Health Interventions for Adolescents and Young People: Evaluating Efficacy and Accessibility.Cureus · 2025Review
- Decreased impulsiveness and MEG normalization after AI-digital therapy in ADHD children: a RCT.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- The impact of electronic product use on children with tic disorders and ADHD, and management strategies: a review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Role of artificial intelligence in pediatric intensive care: a survey of healthcare staff perspectives in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- AI technology to support adaptive functioning in neurodevelopmental conditions in everyday environments: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- An Emerging Screening Method for Interrogating Human Brain Function: Tutorial.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive stimulation therapy appears to show promising results in the rehabilitation of impaired cognitive processes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
objectiveEncouraged by this evidence and the ever-increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence for therapeutic purposes, we examined whether cognitive stimulation therapy implemented on a mobile device and controlled by an artificial intelligence engine can be effective in the neurocognitive rehabilitation of these patients.
methodsIn this randomized study, 29 child participants (25 males) underwent training with a smart, digital, cognitive stimulation program (KAD_SCL_01) or with 3 commercial video games for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 15 minutes a day. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and a preintervention and postintervention magnetoencephalography study in a resting state with their eyes closed. In addition, information on clinical symptoms was collected from the child´s legal guardians.
resultsIn line with our main hypothesis, we found evidence that smart, digital, cognitive treatment results in improvements in inhibitory control performance. Improvements were also found in visuospatial working memory performance and in the cognitive flexibility, working memory, and behavior and general executive functioning behavioral clinical indexes in this group of participants. Finally, the improvements found in inhibitory control were related to increases in alpha-band power in all participants in the posterior regions, including 2 default mode network regions of the interest: the bilateral precuneus and the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. However, only the participants who underwent cognitive stimulation intervention (KAD_SCL_01) showed a significant increase in this relationship.
conclusionsThe results seem to indicate that smart, digital treatment can be effective in the inhibitory control and visuospatial working memory rehabilitation in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, the relation of the inhibitory control with alpha-band power changes could mean that these changes are a product of plasticity mechanisms or changes in the neuromodulatory dynamics.
trial registrationISRCTN Registry ISRCTN71041318; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71041318.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.