ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2021
Isolation of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor from Embryonic Stem Cells.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biodistribution studies ofApplied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine · 2025Article
- Senolytic Treatment Attenuates Global Ischemic Brain Injury and Enhances Cognitive Recovery by Targeting Mitochondria.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles derived from pluripotent stem cells: a cell-free approach to regenerative medicine.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- The efficacy of an embryonic stem cell-based vaccine for lung cancer prevention depends on the undifferentiated state of the stem cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Membranes on the move: The functional role of the extracellular vesicle membrane for contact-dependent cellular signalling.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Biocompatible exosome-modified fibrin gel accelerates the recovery of spinal cord injury by VGF-mediated oligodendrogenesis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all types of embryonic cells. Like many other cell types, ESCs release small membrane vesicles, such as exosomes, to the extracellular environment. Exosomes serve as essential mediators of intercellular communication and play a basic role in many (patho)physiological processes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) functions as a cytokine to modulate the immune response. The presence of GM-CSF in exosomes has the potential to boost their immune-regulatory function. Here, GM-CSF was stably overexpressed in the murine ESC cell line ES-D3. A protocol was developed to isolate high-quality exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ES-D3 cells overexpressing GM-CSF. Isolated exosome-enriched EVs were characterized by a variety of experimental approaches. Importantly, significant amounts of GM-CSF were found to be present in exosome-enriched EVs. Overall, GM-CSF-bearing exosome-enriched EVs from ESCs might function as cell-free vesicles to exert their immune-regulatory activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.