ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2022
Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Revealed by Free-Water Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and APOE genotype specific brain regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Association between vascular risk factors and white matter integrity among diverse predominantly older Hispanic/Latino adults from the SOL-INCA MRI study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Sex differences in brain glucose metabolism in alzheimer's disease: A voxel-based study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Altered white matter integrity in pediatric bipolar disorder and the potential role of psychotic symptoms revealed by free water elimination corrected and superficial white matter DTI analyses.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity reveals early and multifactorial white matter injury across sporadic and Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Free water changes and their correlations with multimodal biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Multimodal diffusion MRI biomarkers of white matter alterations and clinical impairment in mTBI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Imaging the therapeutic effects of cerebral endothelial cell derived exosome treatment of a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex differences in diffusion-weighted imaging outcomes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- White matter microstructure disruption associated with PET and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.PloS one · 2026Article
- White matter microstructural and macrostructural profiles during midlife reveal sex differences between men and women at different menopausal stages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicting risk of impending cognitive decline in asymptomatic individuals with early Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cortical diffusion MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Investigating white matter alterations in Parkinson's disease using multi-shell free-water DTI and NODDI: insights into neurodegeneration and levodopa effects.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex, racial, andbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Quantitative diffusion imaging and genotype-by-sex interactions in a rat model of Alexander disease.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Free-water imaging reveals unique brain microstructural deficits in hispanic individuals with Dementia.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Imaging the neurovascular unit in health and neurodegeneration: a scoping review of interdependencies between MRI measures.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Global changes in diffusion tensor imaging during acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke cognitive performance.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImaging biomarkers are increasingly used in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the identification of sex differences using neuroimaging may provide insight into disease heterogeneity, progression, and therapeutic targets.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate differences in grey matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) microstructural disorganization between males and females with AD using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and free-water-corrected diffusion tensor imaging (FW-DTI).
methodsData were downloaded from the OASIS-3 database, including 158 healthy control (HC; 86 females) and 46 mild AD subjects (24 females). VBM and FW-DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivities (AxD and RD, respectively), and FW index) were compared using effect size for the main effects of group, sex, and their interaction.
resultsSignificant group and sex differences were observed, with no significant interaction. Post-hoc comparisons showed that AD is associated with reduced GM volume, reduced FW-FA, and higher FW-RD/FW-index, consistent with neurodegeneration. Females in both groups exhibited higher GM volume than males, while FW-DTI metrics showed sex differences only in the AD group. Lower FW, lower FW-FA and higher FW-RD were observed in females relative to males in the AD group.
conclusionThe combination of VBM and DTI may reveal complementary sex-specific changes in GM and WM associated with AD and aging. Sex differences in GM volume were observed for both groups, while FW-DTI metrics only showed significant sex differences in the AD group, suggesting that WM tract disorganization may play a differential role in AD pathophysiology between females and males.
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Registered trials
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