ArticleeLife2021
Remote immune processes revealed by immune-derived circulating cell-free DNA.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes and blood-based biomarkers across two SABR-treated metastatic settings: oligoprogression under immune checkpoint inhibition and oligometastatic disease.Oncoimmunology · 2026Observational
- Towards liquid biopsy-based analysis of antitumour immunity.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Advancing the applications of liquid biopsies in oncology.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- Longitudinal cell-free DNA methylome and fragmentome profiles in health uncover signatures of cell type and demographic origin.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Cell-Free DNA-Derived Immune Cell Ratios Uncover Cancer-Associated Systemic Changes.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Activation and Cell Death of Mouse Eosinophils in Response to Different Microenvironmental Stimuli.Cells · 2026Article
- Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Cross-dataset pan-cancer detection by correlating cell-free DNA fragment coverage with open chromatin sites across cell types.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unravelling the genetics and epigenetics of the ageing tumour microenvironment in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Distinct Co-methylation Patterns in African and European Populations and Their Genetic Associations.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The paradoxical prognostic effects of T-cell-derived circulating DNA in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer involve the crosstalk between heme biosynthesis and immune microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epigenetic profiles of tissue informative CpGs inform ALS disease status and progression.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- The circulating cell-free DNA landscape in sepsis is dominated by impaired liver clearance.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Epigenetic liquid biopsies reveal endothelial turnover and erythropoiesis in asymptomatic COVID-19.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Shallow shotgun metagenomic sequencing of vaginal microbiomes with the Oxford Nanopore technology enables the reliable determination of vaginal community state types and broad community structures.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- A DNA alteration and methylation co-detection method for clinical purpose.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Circulating cell-free DNA methylation patterns indicate cellular sources of allograft injury after liver transplant.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Circulating eosinophil cell-free DNA as a noninvasive biomarker for perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients-a proof-of-concept study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances of nanopore direct sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis for cell-free DNA detection and its clinical applications in cancer liquid biopsy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Blood cell counts often fail to report on immune processes occurring in remote tissues. Here, we use immune cell type-specific methylation patterns in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for studying human immune cell dynamics. We characterized cfDNA released from specific immune cell types in healthy individuals (N = 242), cross sectionally and longitudinally. Immune cfDNA levels had no individual steady state as opposed to blood cell counts, suggesting that cfDNA concentration reflects adjustment of cell survival to maintain homeostatic cell numbers. We also observed selective elevation of immune-derived cfDNA upon perturbations of immune homeostasis. Following influenza vaccination (N = 92), B-cell-derived cfDNA levels increased prior to elevated B-cell counts and predicted efficacy of antibody production. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (N = 21) and B-cell lymphoma (N = 27) showed selective elevation of eosinophil and B-cell cfDNA, respectively, which were undetectable by cell counts in blood. Immune-derived cfDNA provides a novel biomarker for monitoring immune responses to physiological and pathological processes that are not accessible using conventional methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.