Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34841978›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease

Leading 20 drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, and analysis of the nature of risk factors due to QT interval prolonging drug use and potentially inappropriate psychotropic use in elderly psychiatry outpatients.

Biswadeep Das, Saravana Kumar Ramasubbu, Akash Agnihotri, Barun Kumar, Vikram Singh Rawat

Open access · goldAbstract read
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Article in Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Psychiatric Medications and QTc Prolongation in the Pediatric Population.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Potential drug-drug interactions in outpatients with depression of a psychiatry department.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
    Article
  12. Determinants of severe QTFrontiers in psychiatry · 2023
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Biswadeep DasDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249 203, Uttarakhand, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-2527
Saravana Kumar RamasubbuDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.
Akash AgnihotriDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.
Barun KumarDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.
Vikram Singh RawatDepartment of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPsychotropic medications extend corrected QT (QTc) period in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Psychiatric patients exposed to ⩾1 psychotropic medication(s) represent a group with marked probability of drug-activated QTc-prolongation. Prolonged QTc interval in elderly patients (age > 60 years) is connected to greater risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease deaths. This study aimed at investigating pattern of utilization of QTc-interval protracting medications, QT-extending drug interactions, and prevalence of QTc-interval extending hazard factors in elderly patients.

methodsThis was a cross-sectional, prospective study at the Psychiatry OPD at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India from 1 October 2017 to 30 August 2019 employing the pertinent prescriptions.

resultsA total of 832 elderly patients (age 60 years or more) visiting the Psychiatry OPD during the aforementioned study duration were investigated. About 420 (50.5%) patients were males while 412 (49.5%) were females. Of the 832 patients, 588 (70.7%) were using interacting agents with capacity to produce TdP. Almost 1152 interacting torsadogenic medication pairs were unraveled. As per AzCERT/CredibleMeds Classification, 1016 (48.8%), 724 (34.8%), and 248 (12%) agents with potential to interact were identified with 'known', 'possible', and 'conditional risk of TdP', respectively. The common interacting medications belonged to antidepressant (288), proton pump inhibitor (364), antipsychotic (340), antinausea (184), antimicrobial (156), and H

conclusionMany geriatric patients were administered drugs and drug combinations with heightened proclivity toward QT-interval prolongation. Furthermore, reliable evidence-based online drug knowledge resources, such as AzCERT/CredibleMeds Drug Lists, Medscape Drug Interactions Checker, Epocrates Online Interaction Check, and Drugs.com Drug Interactions Checker, can facilitate clinical professionals in selecting drugs for psychiatric patients. A wise choice of medications is imperative to preclude serious adverse sequelae. Therefore, we need to exigently embrace precautionary safety means, be vigilant, and forestall QT-extension and TdP in clinical environments.

Indexed as

Pharmaceutical PreparationsPsychiatryTorsades de PointesAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDrug InteractionsElectrocardiographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutpatientsPolypharmacyProspective StudiesRisk FactorsPharmaceutical PreparationsBeers Criteria 2019drug-induced QT prolongationdrug interactionselderly psychiatry outpatientspsychiatry OPDpsychotropic drugsSTOPP Criteria 2015Torsade de pointes

Identifiers

PMID34841978
PMCPMC8641120
OpenAlexW3217788064

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.