ArticleJournal of veterinary science2022
Reference values for selected dry eye tests in normal Beagle dogs: a pilot study.
Article in Journal of veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Indirect Pupillary Light Reflex Stimulation With Colored Light on Corneal Specular Microscopy Performance in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Normative values of tear film parameters in brachycephalic dogs using OSA-VetVeterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Fifteen-day topical ketorolac tromethamine, with and without benzalkonium chloride, alters tear function, goblet cell density, and meibomian gland integrity in healthy cats.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ocular surface parameters before and after cryo- and laser therapy for distichiasis in dogs: A pilot study.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Investigation of ocular surface parameters in dogs with different cephalic conformations using veterinary ocular surface analyzer (OSA-VET).Veterinary ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Tear film characteristics in French bulldogs vs. non-brachycephalic dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A novel method of evaluating the non-invasive tear film break-up time and progression of corneal opacification in dogs using imaging video.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Developing a diagnosis model for dry eye disease in dogs using object detection.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1).
objectivesTo establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs.
methodsThe STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer.
resultsMean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (
conclusionsData obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.
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