ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
Impact of T cells on neurodegeneration in anti-GAD65 limbic encephalitis.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of efgartigimod in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsy: An Exploratory Case-Control Study.Biomolecules · 2026Observational
- HLA Class I Haplotype in Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody-Associated Neurological Disease.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Immune cell profiling reveals expanded stem cell-like memory T cells in anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A Case Report of Anti-GAD65 Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Diabetes.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Clinical heterogeneity and immunotherapy outcomes in anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Coexistence of CN1A autoantibodies in GAD65 encephalitis exacerbates neurodegeneration : Novel autoantibodies in GAD65 encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Detection of antibodies in suspected autoimmune encephalitis diseases using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Toward curing neurological autoimmune disorders: Biomarkers, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.Neuron · 2025Review
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte signatures correspond to clinical phenotypes in autoimmune limbic encephalitis.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Seizure Outcomes in Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Antibody-associated Epilepsy and Diplopia: Two Case Reports with Literature Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Progressive Encephalomyelitis With Rigidity and Myoclonus With Glycine Receptor and GAD65 Antibodies: Case Report and Potential Mechanisms.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- [(Auto)immunity in focal epilepsy: mechanisms of (auto‑)immune-inflammatory epileptogenic neurodegeneration].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Review
- Neurological Diseases and Prevalence of Antineuronal Antibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 - A National Cohort Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- "Hot Cross Bun" Sign in a Patient with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65-KDa Isoform Associated Cerebellar Ataxia: Case Report and Review of the Literature.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- Prediction of Seropositivity in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis by Use of Radiomics: A Radiological Proof-of-Concept Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDirect pathogenic effects of autoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) have been questioned due to its intracellular localization. We therefore hypothesized a pathogenic role for T cells.
methodsWe assessed magnet resonance imaging, neuropsychological and peripheral blood, and CSF flow cytometry data of 10 patients with long-standing GAD65-LE compared to controls in a cross-sectional manner. These data were related to each other within the GAD65-LE group and linked to neuropathological findings in selective hippocampectomy specimen from another two patients. In addition, full-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping of all patients was performed.
resultsCompared to controls, no alteration in hippocampal volume but impaired memory function and elevated fractions of activated HLADR
interpretationOur data suggest a pathogenic effect of CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.