ArticleGenes, chromosomes & cancer2022
MammaPrint and BluePrint comprehensively capture the cancer hallmarks in early-stage breast cancer patients.
Article in Genes, chromosomes & cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding and targeting the tumour matrisome.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Multi-state modeling associates proliferation genes with early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer recurrence and survival.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Identification of racial disparities across MammaPrint and BluePrint subtypes in HR + HER2- breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The actionable transcriptome: a framework for incorporating RNA sequencing into precision oncology.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- The role of MELK in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic options.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Feature learning augmented with sampling and heuristics (FLASH) improves model performance and biomarker identification.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Emerging Biomarkers to Predict Immunotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Informatics at the Frontier of Cancer Research.Cancer research · 2025Review
- De-escalated neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel combined with pyrotinib and trastuzumab in intrinsic HER2-enriched breast cancer (NJMU-BC01): a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- A review of the use of tumour DNA methylation for breast cancer subtyping and prediction of outcomes.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Immune Subtyping Identifies Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer Who Respond to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy (IO): Results From Five IO Arms of the I-SPY2 Trial.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemical Breast Cancer Profiling Among Iraqi Women: Molecular Subtype Classification, Clinicopathology Associations, and Treatment-Decision Making Tools: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Relevance of Cellular Homeostasis-Related Gene Expression Signatures in Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Successful unconventional precision treatment of inflammatory hormone receptor-positive breast cancer guided by molecular profiling.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for T3 Tumors in the Era of Precision Medicine-Biology Is Still King.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Spatial oncology: Translating contextual biology to the clinic.Cancer cell · 2024Review
- Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MammaPrint® (MP) is a 70-gene signature that stratifies early-stage breast cancer patients into low- and high risk of distant relapse. Further stratification of MP risk results identifies four risk subgroups, ultra-low (UL), low, high 1, and high 2, with specific prognostic and predictive outcomes. BluePrint® (BP) is an 80-gene signature that classifies breast tumors as basal, luminal, or HER2 molecular subtype. To gain insight into their biological significance, we annotated the MP 70- and BP 80-genes with respect to the 10 hallmarks of cancer (HoC). Furthermore, we related gene expression profiles of the extreme ends of the MP low- and high-risk patients (here called, ultra-low (UL) and ultra-high (UH) or High2, respectively), to the 10 HoC per BP subtype by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. MP and BP gene functions reflected all 10 HoCs. Most MP and BP genes were associated with sustaining proliferative signaling, followed by genome instability and mutation categories. Based on the gene expression profiles, UL and UH subgroup pathways were down -or upregulated, respectively, reflecting proliferative and metastatic features, such as G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation, immune invasion, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and hypoxia pathways. Notably, the UH HER2-type was enriched in several immune signaling pathways, such as IL2/STAT5 signaling and TNFα signaling via NFκB. Our results show that MP and BP gene signatures represent and capture all 10 HoCs and highlight underlying biological processes of MP extreme samples, which might guide treatment decisions as the signature captures the full spectrum of early breast cancers.
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