Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34841534›Full record

ArticleJournal of anatomy2022

Ontogenetic variation in the crocodylian vestibular system.

Julia A Schwab, Mark T Young, Stig A Walsh, Lawrence M Witmer, Yanina Herrera, Christopher A Brochu, Ian B Butler, Stephen L Brusatte

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of anatomy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Julia A SchwabSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6229-7116
Mark T YoungSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7263-6505
Stig A WalshSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7002-1005
Lawrence M WitmerDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7610-0118
Yanina HerreraCONICET. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, FCNyM, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-1227
Christopher A BrochuDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Ian B ButlerSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Stephen L BrusatteSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7525-7319
University of Edinburgh · GBConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · ARNational Museums Scotland · GBOhio University · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica ANPCyT-PICT-2016-0267Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica ANPCyT-PICT 2016-1039Leverhulme Trust Research Project grant RPG-2017-167United States National Science Foundation Grants IOB-0517257United States National Science Foundation Grants IOS-1050154United States National Science Foundation Grants IOS-1456503
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Crocodylians today live in tropical to subtropical environments, occupying mostly shallow waters. Their body size changes drastically during ontogeny, as do their skull dimensions and bite forces, which are associated with changes in prey preferences. Endocranial neurosensory structures have also shown to change ontogenetically, but less is known about the vestibular system of the inner ear. Here we use 30 high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to investigate the size and shape changes of crocodylian endosseous labyrinths throughout ontogeny, across four stages (hatchling, juvenile, subadult and adult). We find two major patterns of ontogenetic change. First, the labyrinth increases in size during ontogeny, with negative allometry in relation to skull size. Second, labyrinth shape changes significantly, with hatchlings having shorter semicircular canal radii, with thicker diameters and an overall dorsoventrally shorter labyrinth than those of more mature individuals. We argue that the modification of the labyrinth during crocodylian ontogeny is related to constraints imposed by skull growth, due to fundamental changes in the crocodylian braincase during ontogeny (e.g. verticalisation of the basicranium), rather than changes in locomotion, diet, or other biological functions or behaviours.

Indexed as

SkullVestibular SystemBiological EvolutionBody SizeHumansPhylogenySemicircular Canalsallometrycrocodyliamorphologyontogenyverticalisationvestibular system

Identifiers

PMID34841534
PMCPMC9005688
OpenAlexW3216063766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.