SynthesisDiabetologia2022
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in psychiatric disorders: an umbrella review with meta-analysis of 245 observational studies from 32 systematic reviews.
Synthesis in Diabetologia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between patient empowerment and related constructs, affective symptoms and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Differential associations of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression with inflammation and insulin resistance: cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the Emotional Distress Sub-Study of the GRADE study.Diabetologia · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- The effectiveness of diabetes training of psychiatric health professionals on individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders - a pragmatic controlled trial in Denmark.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Economic Evaluation of a Web Application Implemented in Primary Care for the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Clinical Intervention Following Detection of Incident Diabetes Within a Large Psychiatric Service System: A Chart Review Study.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in the relationship between prolactin and glucose metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The Risk of Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia Following Diabetes Type 2 Onset: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of Midlife and Old-Age.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic Exposure and Pharmacologically Treated Type 2 Diabetes in Dutch Youths.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Antidiabetes agents and risk of incident depression in 686,522 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 20-year population-based cohort study.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- The psychological burden of diabetes: common mental health disorders, their impact on disease outcomes and strategies for intervention.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Biochemical Pathophysiology in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Antidepressants and Risk of Mortality in People with Depressive Disorder and Co-Occurring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 20-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Exploring user perspectives on SMART: qualitative study of novel digital intervention targeting metabolic care in schizophrenia and related disorders.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Interaction of self-efficacy and sense of personal control on diabetes distress in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of interaction between type 2 diabetes and psychological disorders and therapeutic interventions: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders Among Individuals with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Across Barriers: Blood-Brain and Gut Barrier Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The FitForLife National Intervention in Sweden.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisEstimates of the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes vary between 6% and 9%. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been investigated in psychiatric populations but a critical appraisal of the existing evidence is lacking, and an overview is needed. This umbrella review summarises existing systematic reviews of observational studies investigating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 17 January 2021 and screened reference lists of included systematic reviews. On the basis of prespecified criteria, we included systematic reviews investigating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults (aged ≥18 years) with a psychiatric disorder. Titles and abstracts of 5155 identified records and full texts of 431 selected studies were screened by two independent reviewers, based on predefined eligibility criteria and an a priori developed extraction form, following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBIS instrument. Data extracted from primary studies were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses.
resultsA total of 32 systematic reviews with 245 unique primary studies were identified and met inclusion criteria. Twelve had low risk of bias. They reported type 2 diabetes prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 22% depending on the specific psychiatric disorder. We meta-analysed data for ten categories of psychiatric disorders and found the following prevalence estimates of type 2 diabetes: in people with a sleep disorder: 40%; binge eating disorder: 21%; substance use disorder: 16%; anxiety disorder: 14%; bipolar disorder: 11%; psychosis: 11%; schizophrenia: 10%; a mixed group of psychiatric disorders: 10%; depression: 9%; and in people with an intellectual disability 8%. All meta-analyses revealed high levels of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationType 2 diabetes is a common comorbidity in people with a psychiatric disorder. Future research should investigate whether routine screening for type 2 diabetes and subsequent prevention initiatives for these people are warranted. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020159870.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.