Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34840549›Full record

ReviewComparative clinical pathology2022

Monoplex and multiplex immunoassays: approval, advancements, and alternatives.

Haseeb Ahsan

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Comparative clinical pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks for pathogen detection.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Proteomic prediction of disease largely reflects environmental risk exposure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Circulating biomarkers for diagnosis and response to therapies in cancer patients.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Liquid Biopsy Proteomics in Ophthalmology.Journal of proteome research · 2024
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Haseeb AhsanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi - 110025, India.ORCID 0000-0002-5313-5959
Jamia Millia Islamia · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunoassays are a powerful diagnostic tool and are widely used for the quantification of proteins and biomolecules in medical diagnosis and research. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly used immunoassay format and allows the detection of biomarkers at a very low concentration. The diagnostic platforms such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), chemiluminescence (CL) assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry (FC), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been used to identify molecular biomarkers. However, these diagnostic tools requiring expensive equipment, long testing time, and qualified personnel that is not always available in small local hospitals with limited resources. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform was developed for rapidly obtaining laboratory results and to make urgent decisions in emergency medicine, as well as the recently introduced concept of testing at the site of care (point-of-care, POC). The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample called multiplex assays have become increasingly significant for in vitro quantification of multiple analytes in a single sample, thereby minimising cost, time, and volume. In multiplex immunoassays, the ligands are immobilized either in planar format (flat surface) or on microspheres in suspension that binds to target analytes in sample. The multiplex technology has established itself in proteomic networks and pathways, validation of genomic discoveries, and in the development of clinical biomarkers. In the present review article, various types of monoplex/simplex and complex/multiplex immunoassays have been analysed that are increasingly being applied in laboratory medicine. Also, some advantages and disadvantages of these multiplex assays have also been included such as experimental animals, in vitro tests using cell lines and tissue samples, 3-dimensional modelling and bioprinting, in silico tests, organ-on-chip, and computer modelling.

Indexed as

BiomarkersELISA, LFIA, RIAImmunoassaysMonoplex assaysMultiplex assays

Identifiers

PMID34840549
PMCPMC8605475
OpenAlexW3216659182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.