Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34839710›Full record

ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2022

New perspectives on mobile genetic elements: a paradigm shift for managing the antibiotic resistance crisis.

Timothy M Ghaly, Michael R Gillings

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Soil management practices shape the abundance, diversity, and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  12. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Review
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  15. Article
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  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Genomic analysis ofFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2025
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Timothy M GhalyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5162-4054
Michael R GillingsDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Migration Institute of Australia · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are primary facilitators in the global spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we present novel ecological and evolutionary perspectives to understand and manage these elements: as selfish entities that exhibit biological individuality, as pollutants that replicate and as invasive species that thrive under human impact. Importantly, each viewpoint suggests new means to control their activity and spread. When seen as biological individuals, MGEs can be regarded as therapeutic targets in their own right. We highlight promising conjugation-inhibiting compounds that could be administered alongside antibiotic treatment. Viewed as pollutants, sewage treatment methods could be modified to efficiently remove antimicrobials and the resistance genes that they select. Finally, by recognizing the invasive characteristics of MGEs, we might apply strategies developed for the management of invasive species. These include environmental restoration to reduce antimicrobial selection, early detection to help inform appropriate antibiotic usage, and biocontrol strategies that target MGEs, constituting precision antimicrobials. These actions, which embody the One Health approach, target different characteristics of MGEs that are pertinent at the cellular, community, landscape and global levels. The strategies could act on multiple fronts and, together, might provide a more fruitful means to combat the global resistance crisis. This article is part of the theme issue 'The secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements'.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsInterspersed Repetitive SequencesDrug Resistance, MicrobialGenes, BacterialHumansAnti-Bacterial Agentsantibiotic pollutionantimicrobial resistancehorizontal gene transfermobile DNAOne Health

Identifiers

PMID34839710
PMCPMC8628067
OpenAlexW3217387989

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.