ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2022
Mortality risk stratification in isolated severe traumatic brain injury using the revised cardiac risk index.
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revised cardiac risk index and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Preoperative risk factors for extended hospital stay: A prospective study in a South African clinic.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiac risk stratification and adverse outcomes in surgically managed patients with isolated traumatic spine injuries.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- Prioritizing patients for hip fracture surgery: the role of frailty and cardiac risk.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Article
- Predictors of outcomes in geriatric patients with moderate traumatic brain injury after ground level falls.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. As cardiovascular events are among the most common extracranial causes of death after a severe TBI, the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) could potentially aid in the risk stratification of this patient population. This investigation aimed to determine the association between the RCRI and in-hospital deaths among isolated severe TBI patients.
methodsAll adult patients registered in the TQIP database between 2013 and 2017 who suffered an isolated severe TBI, defined as a head AIS ≥ 3 with an AIS ≤ 1 in all other body regions, were included. Patients were excluded if they had a head AIS of 6. The association between different RCRI scores (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥ 4) and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using a Poisson regression model with robust standard errors while adjusting for potential confounders, with RCRI 0 as the reference.
results259,399 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. RCRI 2 was associated with a 6% increase in mortality risk [adjusted IRR (95% CI) 1.06 (1.01-1.12), p = 0.027], RCRI 3 was associated with a 17% increased risk of mortality [adjusted IRR (95% CI) 1.17 (1.05-1.31), p = 0.004], and RCRI ≥ 4 was associated with a 46% increased risk of in-hospital mortality [adjusted IRR(95% CI) 1.46 (1.11-1.90), p = 0.006], compared to RCRI 0.
conclusionAn elevated RCRI ≥ 2 is significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with an isolated severe traumatic brain injury. The simplicity and bedside applicability of the index makes it an attractive choice for risk stratification in this patient population.
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