ArticleEye (London, England)2022
Outcomes following tacrolimus systemic immunosuppression for penetrating keratoplasty in infants and young children.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus (FK506) in High-risk Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical applications of tacrolimus in the treatment of ocular diseases: a narrative literature review.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Current concepts and recent trends in endothelial keratoplasty.World journal of transplantation · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo report outcomes of tacrolimus immunosuppression after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in very young children.
methodsRetrospective, consecutive, cohort study of children undergoing PK at a tertiary children's hospital between 2005 and 2016. Oral tacrolimus immunosuppression was given for 2 years, followed by topical tacrolimus.
resultsFourteen children (20 eyes) had 24 PKs; nineteen eyes had primary PKs, five eyes had repeat PKs. Mean age at primary graft was 95 days (3.1 months) for anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), 430 days (14.3 months) for non-ASD children. Eleven children (15 eyes) had ASD. Three children (five eyes) had non-ASD: two children (three eyes) had glaucoma-related corneal opacity and one child (two eyes) had congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). One-year rejection-free survival rates following primary PK was 80% for ASD (n = 15) and 100% for non-ASD (n = 4). At final review, 5/15 of primary grafts for ASD were clear. 10/15 failed after a mean of 19 months, specifically attributable to infection (n = 2), rejection (n = 2) and glaucoma (n = 2). 4/4 primary non-ASD grafts are clear at final review (mean follow-up = 77 months). All repeat grafts (n = 5), failed after a mean of 38.25 months. Considering all grafts, 15/24 (62.5%) failed: 5/15 due to infection, 2/15 due to rejection, 8/15 due to glaucoma, phthisis, perforation or vascularised with no rejection. At last review (mean = 58.1 months, range 28-84), overall cohort survival is 37.5%. Final visual acuities range between 0.86 and 2.4 LogMAR.
conclusionWe compare our results to published literature: 1-year graft survival was higher than previously reported, with lower failure due to rejection. Overall infection rates did not increase, however, proportionally, severe infections were higher. Overall graft survival is at least comparable to reported literature.
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