Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34838721›Full record

ArticleThe ocular surface2022

Expression of Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2) by human and rabbit meibomian glands and meibocytes.

Chang Rae Rho, Sun Woong Kim, Shelley Lane, Fangyuna Gao, Jinseor Kim, Yilu Xie, Donald J Brown, Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk, James V Jester

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The ocular surface, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. A New Organotypic 3D Slice Culture ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Chang Rae RhoGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Seoul St.Mary's Eye Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Sun Woong KimGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
Shelley LaneGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Fangyuna GaoDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jinseor KimGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Yilu XieGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Donald J BrownGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Dorota Skowronska-KrawczykDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
James V JesterGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: jjester@uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USYonsei University · KR

Funding

Age-Related Meibomian Gland DysfunctionR01EY021510 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI James V Jester · 2011 to 2026
$4.8M
Transfer: Molecular Mechanisms of GlaucomaR01EY027011 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, DOROTA · 2017 to 2022
$2.3M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021510NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePreviously, we showed that Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), an essential enzyme required for meibum wax ester synthesis, was not expressed by immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (hMGEC) in culture. To begin to understand the mechanisms controlling AWAT2 expression, we have analyzed its expression in human and rabbit meibomian glands and cultured meibocytes.

methodsRabbit meibocyte progenitor cells (rMPC) were first grown in Cnt-BM.1 basal medium (Cellntec) supplemented with rhEGF, FGF10, and ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632 dihydrochloride), and then passed at 70-80% confluency with Accutase. Differentiation of rMPC to meibocytes (rMC) was induced by removal of Y-27632 and addition of 1 mM calcium with and without PPARγ agonists. RNA from the tissue, primary, passaged rMPC and differentiated rMC were obtained for AWAT2 qPCR analysis. Proteins and cells were evaluated for western blotting and neutral lipid synthesis, respectively. For comparison, human meibomian glands were separated for RNA and protein analysis. hMGEC was cultured to collect RNA and protein.

resultsRabbit rMPCs were successfully grown, passaged, and differentiated, showing a significant increase in lipid droplet accumulation. AWAT2 RNA was highly expressed in tissue but showed a -16.9 log2 fold decrease in primary and passaged rMPCs and was not induced by differentiation to rMC. By comparison, human meibomian glands showed high expression of AWAT2, and hMGEC expressed non-detectable levels of AWAT2 transcripts or protein.

conclusionsAWAT2 expression is lost in cultured rMPC and rMC suggesting that cells in culture do not undergo complete meibocyte differentiation and require yet to be identified culture conditions.

Indexed as

AcyltransferasesMeibomian GlandsAnimalsHumansRabbitsRNAAcyltransferasesAWAT2 protein, humanRNAAWAT2Cell cultureMeibocyteMeibomian glandRabbit

Identifiers

PMID34838721
PMCPMC10393063
OpenAlexW3215793352

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.