ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2022
Progress and Disparities in Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 2002-2016.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Studies pertaining to language impairment in school-age autistic individuals underreport participant socio-demographics: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Pooled it
- Trends in Parent-Reported Developmental Disabilities: 2019-2024.Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Caregiver-Rated Inappropriate Speech and Post-cTBS Motor Cortical Facilitation in Autism: A Pilot Biomarker Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Mortality Among Youth and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, or Cerebral Palsy.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Article
- Parental Perceptions of Access to and Utilization of Services for Autistic Children in African American Families: An Exploratory Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity Levels From the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- AI-supported early autism identification as public health infrastructure: economic implications for the United States using a scenario-based economic model.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Understanding disparities in autism diagnosis and care: A socioecological perspective.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Trends and Decomposition Analysis From 1990 to 2021, and Projections for 2045.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- What Happens After Autism Screening-Factors That Predict Evaluation Attendance.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Leveraging AI-Driven Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Social Function Prediction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Introduction to the Forum: Intersectional Approaches to Language in Autism.Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups · 2025Article
- Autistic Children And Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability: Individual And Family Profile.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2025Article
- Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Emotional wellbeing in neurodivergent populations.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Structure of subcortico-cortical tracts in middle-aged and older adults with autism spectrum disorder.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Diagnostic error in mental health: a review.BMJ quality & safety · 2024Review
- Changes in Autism and Co-Occurring Conditions from Preschool to Adolescence: Considerations for Precision Monitoring and Treatment Planning.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Deficiency of FRMD5 results in neurodevelopmental dysfunction and autistic-like behavior in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEarly identification can improve outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We sought to assess changes in early ASD identification over time and by co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) and race/ethnicity.
methodUsing data for 2002-2016 from a biennial population-based ASD surveillance program among 8-year-old children in the United States, we defined identification as a child's earliest recorded ASD diagnosis or special education eligibility. Unidentified children had characteristics meeting the ASD surveillance case definition but no recorded identification by age 8 years. We calculated median age at identification among identified children, median age at identification including unidentified children, and cumulative incidence of identification by age 48 months.
resultsASD identification by age 48 months was 4 times (95% CI: 3.6-4.3) as likely in 2016 as in 2002, with the largest increases among children without ID. Median age at ASD identification among identified children decreased 3 months during this time. Children of every race/ethnicity were more likely to be identified over time. There were racial disparities stratified by ID: in 2016, Black and Hispanic children without ID were less likely to be identified with ASD than were White children (both groups risk ratio: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), but Black children were 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.3-1.9) as likely as White children to be identified with ASD and ID.
conclusionSubstantial progress has been made to identify more children with ASD early, despite minimal decrease in median age at diagnosis. Considerable disparities remain in early ASD identification by race/ethnicity and co-occurring intellectual disability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.