Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34838581›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2022

Evaluation of Trends in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Respiratory Support Practice for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Soon Min Lee, Lillian Sie, Jessica Liu, Jochen Profit, Henry C Lee

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: its relationship to invasive modes of ventilation and the magnitude of respiratory support.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
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  6. Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Interdisciplinary clinical bronchopulmonary dysplasia programs: development, evolution, and maturation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Less invasive surfactant administration in the delivery room: A quality improvement initiative.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Soon Min LeeDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA; Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Lillian SieDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA.
Jessica LiuDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA.
Jochen ProfitDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA.
Henry C LeeDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA. Electronic address: hclee@stanford.edu.
Stanford Health Care · USYonsei University · KR

Funding

In situ simulation of neonatal resuscitation to improve team performance and clinical outcomesR01HD087425 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, HENRY CHONG · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD087425
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo characterize the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) over time and to test the association of multilevel factors, including respiratory support, with the diagnosis of BPD. STUDY

designThis population-based cohort study included 40 268 infants born between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation at hospitals in California between 2008 and 2017. The diagnosis of BPD was based on respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Tests for linear trend and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.

resultsThe rate of BPD was consistent year to year, and the mortality rate declined. The incidence of BPD was 23.5% for the overall cohort, 44.9% for infants born at <28 weeks of gestational age, and 45.2% for extremely low birth weight infants. For infants born at >26 weeks of gestational age, the incidence of BPD was significantly decreased in the most recent 3-year period compared with the earlier 3 years (OR, 0.91). Invasive ventilation during delivery room resuscitation (OR, 2.64) and after leaving the delivery room (OR, 10.02) conferred the highest risk of BPD compared with oxygen or no respiratory support. Noninvasive ventilation as maximum respiratory support at 36 weeks increased by 20% over time.

conclusionsMarked changes in noninvasive support care have occurred without an overall decline in BPD rate. Further research, quality improvement, and strategies, along with noninvasive respiratory support, are needed for a reduction in the incidence of BPD.

Indexed as

Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaBirth WeightChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesGestational AgeHumansInfantInfant, Extremely Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Very Low Birth WeightMiddle AgedRespiration, Artificialbronchopulmonary dysplasianoninvasive ventilationrespiratory supporttrends

Identifiers

PMID34838581
PMCPMC8960334
OpenAlexW3215137079

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.