Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34838528›Full record

ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2022

New and emerging treatments for schizophrenia: a narrative review of their pharmacology, efficacy and side effect profile relative to established antipsychotics.

Maria C Lobo, Thomas S Whitehurst, Stephen J Kaar, Oliver D Howes

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
9.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Antipsychotics cause reversible structural brain changes within one week.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Novel drug treatments for schizophrenia.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Xanomeline-trospium (CobenfyClinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Maria C LoboInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: maria.lobo@nhs.net.
Thomas S WhitehurstMRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: t.whitehurst@lms.mrc.ac.uk.
Stephen J KaarInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: stephen.kaar@kcl.ac.uk.
Oliver D HowesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; H. Lundbeck UK, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark. Electronic address: oliver.howes@kcl.ac.uk.
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · GBMRC London Institute of Medical Sciences · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U120097115Medical Research Council MR/N027078/1Wellcome Trust 094849Wellcome Trust 094849/Z/10/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schizophrenia is associated with substantial unmet needs, highlighting the necessity for new treatments. This narrative review compares the pharmacology, clinical trial data and tolerability of novel medications to representative antipsychotics. Cariprazine, brexpiprazole and brilaroxazine are partial dopamine agonists effective in acute relapse. Lumateperone (serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist) additionally benefits asocial and depressive symptoms. F17464 (D3 antagonist and 5-HT1A partial agonist) has one positive phase II study. Lu AF35700 (dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist) was tested in treatment-resistance with no positive results. Pimavanserin, roluperidone, ulotaront and xanomeline do not act directly on the D2 receptor at clinical doses. Initial studies indicate pimavanserin and roluperidone improve negative symptoms. Ulotaront and xanomeline showed efficacy for positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in phase II trials. BI 409306, BI 425809 and MK-8189 target glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, though of these only BI 425809 showed efficacy. These medications largely have favourable cardiometabolic side-effect profiles. Overall, the novel pharmacology, clinical trial and tolerability data indicate these compounds are promising new additions to the therapeutic arsenal.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsSchizophreniaBenzopyransClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicHumansPiperazinesSulfonamidesAntipsychotic AgentsBenzopyransdopamine D3 receptor antagonist F17464PiperazinesSulfonamidesAntipsychoticBI 425809BrexpiprazoleBrilaroxazineCariprazineF17464LumateperonePimavanserinRoluperidoneSchizophreniaUlotarontXanomeline

Identifiers

PMID34838528
PMCPMC7616977
OpenAlexW3214974865

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.