Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34838088›Full record

ArticleMolecular neurodegeneration2021

A panel of CSF proteins separates genetic frontotemporal dementia from presymptomatic mutation carriers: a GENFI study.

Sofia Bergström, Linn Öijerstedt, Julia Remnestål, Jennie Olofsson, Abbe Ullgren, Harro Seelaar, John C van Swieten, Matthis Synofzik, Raquel Sanchez-Valle, Fermin Moreno and 15 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular neurodegeneration, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Ratios of CSF proteins reflect cognitive function in ALS.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026
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  9. Development and validation of a novel Simoa assay for NPTX2 in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 18 institutions in 8 countries.

Sofia Bergström *Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-2910-4754
Linn Öijerstedt *Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden.
Julia RemnestålDivision of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jennie OlofssonDivision of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abbe UllgrenSwedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden.
Harro SeelaarDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
John C van SwietenDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Matthis SynofzikDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Raquel Sanchez-ValleAlzheimer's disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Fermin MorenoCognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Elizabeth FingerDepartment of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Mario MasellisSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Carmela TartagliaTanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Rik VandenbergheLaboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Robert LaforceClinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
Daniela GalimbertiFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Barbara BorroniCentre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Chris R ButlerNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexander GerhardDivision of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Simon DucharmeDepartment of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Jonathan D RohrerDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
Anna MånbergDivision of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Caroline Graff *Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden. caroline.graff@ki.se.
Peter Nilsson *Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.nilsson@scilifelab.se.
Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI)
Karolinska University Hospital · SEScience for Life Laboratory · SEErasmus University Rotterdam · NLMontreal Neurological Institute and Hospital · CAUniversity of Brescia · ITBiogipuzkoa Health Research Institute · ESGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases · DESunnybrook Health Science Centre · CASwedish Radiation Safety Authority · SEUK Dementia Research Institute · GBUniversitat de Barcelona · ESUniversité Laval · CAUniversity of Manchester · GBUniversity of Milan · ITUniversity of Oxford · GBUniversity of Toronto · CAVIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research · BEWestern University · CA

Funding

Department of Health BRC149/NS/MHMedical Research Council MR/M008525/1Medical Research Council MR/M023664/1Medical Research Council MR/T046015/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA detailed understanding of the pathological processes involved in genetic frontotemporal dementia is critical in order to provide the patients with an optimal future treatment. Protein levels in CSF have the potential to reflect different pathophysiological processes in the brain. We aimed to identify and evaluate panels of CSF proteins with potential to separate symptomatic individuals from individuals without clinical symptoms (unaffected), as well as presymptomatic individuals from mutation non-carriers.

methodsA multiplexed antibody-based suspension bead array was used to analyse levels of 111 proteins in CSF samples from 221 individuals from families with genetic frontotemporal dementia. The data was explored using LASSO and Random forest.

resultsWhen comparing affected individuals with unaffected individuals, 14 proteins were identified as potentially important for the separation. Among these, four were identified as most important, namely neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), neurosecretory protein VGF (VGF) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). The combined profile of these four proteins successfully separated the two groups, with higher levels of NEFM and AQP4 and lower levels of NPTX2 in affected compared to unaffected individuals. VGF contributed to the models, but the levels were not significantly lower in affected individuals. Next, when comparing presymptomatic GRN and C9orf72 mutation carriers in proximity to symptom onset with mutation non-carriers, six proteins were identified with a potential to contribute to a separation, including progranulin (GRN).

conclusionIn conclusion, we have identified several proteins with the combined potential to separate affected individuals from unaffected individuals, as well as proteins with potential to contribute to the separation between presymptomatic individuals and mutation non-carriers. Further studies are needed to continue the investigation of these proteins and their potential association to the pathophysiological mechanisms in genetic FTD.

Indexed as

Frontotemporal DementiaBiomarkersBrainHumansMutationProgranulinsBiomarkersProgranulinsAquaporin 4 (AQP4)Cerebrospinal fluidLASSONeurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM)Neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2)Neurosecretory protein VGF (VGF)Random forestSuspension bead array

Identifiers

PMID34838088
PMCPMC8626910
OpenAlexW3215312374

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.