ArticleGlobalization and health2021
Barriers and facilitators to the introduction of import duties designed to prevent noncommunicable disease in Tonga: a case study.
Article in Globalization and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food tax policies in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: systematic policy review.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Do tax waivers reduce prices and increase imports of healthy foods? Interrupted time-series analyses from Tonga.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Analysis of food policymaking through a food systems lens: a review of analytical frameworks.Public health nutrition · 2025Review
- Food environments in the Pacific region and efforts to improve them: a scoping review.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours toward Salt and Sugar Consumption in the Central Division of Fiji.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Tonga, import duties were lowered on tinned fish and seafood in 2013 and raised on soft drinks, dripping and other animal fats. Additional import duties were applied to soft drinks and dripping and other fats in 2016 and duties were also applied to high fat meats, mutton flaps and turkey tails. The objective of this study was to describe barriers to and facilitators of these import duties from a policy-maker perspective.
methodsA case study was conducted to analyse implementation of policies originally modelled by the Pacific Obesity Prevention in Communities project to reduce mortality in the Kingdom of Tonga. Policymakers (n = 15) from the Ministries of Revenue, Health, Finance and Labour and Commerce involved in the development and implementation of Tonga's food-related policies participated in key-informant interviews.
resultsThe main facilitator of import duties were strong leadership and management, cross-sector collaboration, awareness raising and advocacy, nature of the policy, and the effective use of data to model policy impacts and inform the general public. The absence of clear lines of responsibility and a decline in collaboration over time were identified as barriers to implementation of the import duties.
conclusionIn a small Island state implementing import duties to prevent non-communicable disease can be straight forward providing policymakers and the community have a shared understanding of the health and economic costs of NCDs.
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