ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
Molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with tick-borne pathogens in cattle in western Kenya.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anaplasma platys beyond canines: a systematic review of host range, phylogenetic relatedness, and knowledge gaps in Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Tick-Borne Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Pathogens, Research Focus, and Implications for Public Health.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology and risk factors associated withJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2026Article
- Molecular characterisation of tick-borne pathogens in cattle in kenya: insights from blood, ticks, and skin swab analyses.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Morbidity, mortality, and risk factors associated withVeterinary and animal science · 2025Article
- Exploring the microbiomes of camel ticks to infer vector competence: insights from tissue-level symbiont-pathogen relationships.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Snapshot Study of the Family Anaplasmataceae,Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Detection of pathogenic bacteria in ticks from Isiolo and Kwale counties of Kenya using metagenomics.PloS one · 2024Article
- Development of a novel Haemabiome tool for the high-throughput analysis of haemopathogen species co-infections in African livestock.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are of global importance, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where they represent a major constraint to livestock production. Their association with human disease is also increasingly recognized, signalling their zoonotic importance. It is therefore crucial to investigate TBPs prevalence in livestock populations and the factors associated with their presence. We set out to identify TBPs present in cattle and to determine associated risk factors in western Kenya, where smallholder livestock production is important for subsistence and market-driven income.
resultsTick-borne pathogen infections in blood samples collected from cattle at livestock markets and slaughterhouses between May 2017 and January 2019 were identified by high-resolution melting analysis and sequencing of PCR products of genus-specific primers. Of the 422 cattle sampled, 30.1% (127/422) were infected with at least one TBP, while 8.8% (37/422) had dual infections. Anaplasma spp. (19.7%) were the most prevalent, followed by Theileria (12.3%), Ehrlichia (6.6%), and Babesia (0.2%) spp. Sequence analysis of the TBPs revealed them to be Anaplasma platys-like organisms (13.5%), Theileria velifera (7.4%), Anaplasma marginale (4.9%), Theileria mutans (3.1%), Theileria parva (1.6%), and Babesia bigemina (0.2%). Ehrlichia ruminantium, Rickettsia spp., and arboviruses were not detected. Exotic breeds of cattle were more likely to be infected with A. marginale compared to local breeds (OR: 7.99, 95% CI: 3.04-22.02, p < 0.001). Presence of ticks was a significant predictor for Anaplasma spp. (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.32-3.69, p = 0.003) and Ehrlichia spp. (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.22-7.23, p = 0.022) infection. Cattle sampled at slaughterhouses were more likely to be positive for Anaplasma spp. (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01-2.70, p = 0.048) and A. marginale (OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.43-12.21, p = 0.012), compared to those sampled at livestock markets.
conclusionThis study reports TBP prevalence and associated risk factors in western Kenya, factors which are key to informing surveillance and control measures.
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