ArticleNature communications2021
Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Tolerability and immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: An open-label partially-randomised ascending dose phase I trial.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- Review
- Structure-Based Adaptation of a SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Peptide to New Virus Variants.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- An mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Platform Encoding the Conserved Outer Membrane Protein BamA Elicits Broadly Cross-Reactive Systemic and Mucosal Antibodies Against Antimicrobial-ResistantbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Intranasal vaccine combining adenovirus and trimeric subunit protein provides superior immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Live attenuated vaccination protects aged chimeric ACE2 mice from severe SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus-Based Viral Vectors Elicit Robust Systemic and Tissue-Resident Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Antigens.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Nucleocapsid protein enhances spike- and RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Heterologous mucosal vaccine boosting enhances mucosal and systemic immunity by distinct mechanisms.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adenoviral vector oropharyngeal spray immunization elicits mucosal immunity and protects against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but effective boosters are needed to maintain or increase immunity due to waning responses and the emergence of novel variants. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 and 19a vectored vaccines following a systemic plasmid DNA or mRNA priming result in systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast to two intramuscular applications of an mRNA vaccine, intranasal boosts with adenoviral vectors induce high levels of mucosal IgA and lung-resident memory T cells (T
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.