ArticleBMJ open2021
Predictors of health insurance enrolment and wealth-related inequality in Nepal: evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inequalities in Enrollment in Nepal's National Health Insurance Program: An Intersectional Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Drivers of community-based health insurance enrolment in post-war Tigray, Ethiopia.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- What factors influence enrolment in Nepal's National Health Insurance Program? A community-based cross-sectional study using the Health Belief Model.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Navigating Nepal's health financing system: A road to universal health coverage amid epidemiological and demographic transitions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Toward Universal Health Coverage: What Socioeconomic and Clinical Factors Influence Health Insurance Coverage and Restrictions in Access to Viral Hepatitis Services in Nasarawa State, Nigeria?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- User satisfaction with the National Health Insurance Program: A community-based survey from the Ilam district of Nepal.PloS one · 2024Article
- Predictors of national health insurance membership among the poor with different education levels in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the National Health Insurance Program of Nepal: are political promises translated into actions?Health research policy and systems · 2023Review
- Article
- Poor and non-poor gap in under-five child nutrition: a case from Nepal using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic and demographic correlates of child nutritional status in Nepal: an investigation of heterogeneous effects using quantile regression.Globalization and health · 2022Article
- The effects of individual and community-level factors on community-based health insurance enrollment of households in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Sustainability of the Abia State Health Insurance Agency: Insights From Rural-Urban Abia State.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe analysed predictors of health insurance enrolment in Nepal, measured wealth-related inequality and decomposed inequality into its contributing factors.
designCross-sectional study.
settingWe used nationally representative data based on Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. Out of 10 958 households included in this study, 6.95% households were enroled in at least one health insurance scheme. PRIMARY OUTCOME: measures health insurance (of any type) enrolment.
resultsHouseholds were more likely to have health insurance membership when household head have higher secondary education or above compared with households without formal education (adjusted OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.64)). Households with mass media exposure were nearly three times more likely to get enroled into the schemes compared with their counterparts (adjusted OR 2.96; 95% CI 2.03 to 4.31). Hindus had greater odds of being enroled (adjusted OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.77) compared with non-Hindus. Dalits were less likely to get enroled compared with Brahmin, Chhetri and Madhesi (adjusted OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94). Households from province 2, Bagmati and Sudurpaschim were less likely to have membership compared with households from province 1. Households from Richer and Richest wealth quintiles were more than two times more likely to have health insurance membership compared with households from the poorest wealth quintile. A positive concentration index 0.25 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.30; p<0.001) indicated disproportionately higher health insurance enrolment among wealthy households.
conclusionsEducation of household head, exposure to mass media, religious and ethnic background, geographical location (province) and wealth status were key predictors of health insurance enrolment in Nepal. There was a significant wealth-related inequality in health insurance affiliation. The study recommends regular monitoring of inequality in health insurance enrolment across demographic and socioeconomic groups to ensure progress towards Universal Health Coverage.
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