ReviewNutrients2021
The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- The nutritional and metabolic impact of night shift work in a real-world setting.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Dietary Behavior, Physical Activity, and 24-Hour Rhythm Coherence: A Digital Phenotyping Perspective on Vascular and Glycemic Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Association between shift work patterns and the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes among night shift workers: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary pattern and night work: metabolic syndrome in healthcare workers.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Internal Circadian Misalignment of the Human Metabolome Links Night Shiftwork to Metabolic Impairment.Journal of biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Investigating the Risk of Obesity in European Night Shift Workers: A Study Protocol for Cross-Sectional and Mechanistic Studies in the SHIFT2HEALTH Project.Obesity facts · 2026Article
- Shift Work and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns: Evidence From the Shahedieh Cohort Study.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among Nurses Working in the Emergency Department.Nursing open · 2026Article
- A newly developed circadian imbalance index (CII) and risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease in the UK biobank.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short Form in Italian Workers.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Association Between Shift Work and Metabolic Alterations: Possible Contributing Factors.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Occupational Stress and Altered Serum Leptin Among Female Workers in Southern Brazil.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Shift work disrupts Immune regulation of the transcriptome in hospital nurses.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Precision medicine and personalized nursing in cardiovascular disease: clinical applications and frontier developments.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Elevated cardiometabolic risk markers in evening chronotype shift workers: a case-control study in male workers.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Health Implications of Shift Work in Airline Pilots and Cabin Crew: A Narrative Review and Pilot Study Findings.Nutrients · 2025Review
- LILRB4 regulates circadian disruption-induced mammary tumorigenesis via non-canonical WNT signaling pathway.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Grape Seed Flavanols Restore Peripheral Clock of White Adipose Tissue in Obese Rats Under Circadian Alterations.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead to a disruption of these rhythms, often called circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, these proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, as shown by later detrimental health effects of shift work and cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms and its implications in cardio-metabolic disorders and eating patterns. Shift work appears to be a risk factor of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. However, past studies showed discordant findings regarding the changes of lipid profile and eating patterns. Most studies were either small and short lab studies, or bigger and longer cohort studies, which could not measure health outcomes in a detailed manner. These two designs explain the heterogeneity of shift schedules, occupations, sample size, and methods across studies. Given the burden of non-communicable diseases and the growing concerns about shift workers' health, novel approaches to study shift work in real contexts are needed and would allow a better understanding of the interlocked risk factors and potential mechanisms involved in the onset of metabolic disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.