Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34836409›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2021

Substantial Intra-Individual Variability in Post-Prandial Time to Peak in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Emily Bell, Sabrina Binkowski, Elaine Sanderson, Barbara Keating, Grant Smith, Amelia J Harray, Elizabeth A Davis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06273631 (Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06273631 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorYang TaoRan2024 to 2027Enrolled80ConditionsType 1 Diabetes, Diet Intervention, Glucose ControlArmsdiverse carbohydrate diet, moderate carbohydrate diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Emily BellChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1362-3664
Sabrina BinkowskiChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4435-472X
Elaine SandersonChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Barbara KeatingDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8155-3173
Grant SmithChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Amelia J HarrayChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Elizabeth A DavisChildren's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.

Funding

Perth Children's Hospital Foundation 9817
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The optimal time to bolus insulin for meals is challenging for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current guidelines to control glucose excursions do not account for individual differences in glycaemic responses to meals. This study aimed to examine the within- and between-person variability in time to peak (TTP) glycaemic responses after consuming meals under controlled and free-living conditions. Participants aged 8-15 years with T1D ≥ 1 year and using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) were recruited. Participants consumed a standardised breakfast for six controlled days and maintained their usual daily routine for 14 free-living days. CGM traces were collected after eating. Linear mixed models were used to identify within- and between-person variability in the TTP after each of the controlled breakfasts, free-living breakfasts (FLB), and free-living dinners (FLD) conditions. Thirty participants completed the study (16 females; mean age and standard deviation (SD) 10.5 (1.9)). The TTP variability was greater within a person than the variability between people for all three meal types (between-person vs. within-person SD; controlled breakfast 18.5 vs. 38.9 min; FLB 14.1 vs. 49.6 min; FLD 5.7 vs. 64.5 min). For the first time, the study showed that within-person variability in TTP glycaemic responses is even greater than between-person variability.

Indexed as

IndividualityTime FactorsAdolescentBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringChildDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleHumansInsulinLinear ModelsMaleMealsPostprandial PeriodProspective StudiesSocial ConditionsBlood GlucoseInsulinCGMglycaemic controlpaediatric diabetestime to peaktype 1 diabetesvariability

Identifiers

PMID34836409
PMCPMC8620341

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.