SynthesisNutrients2021
School-Based Nutrition Interventions in Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews of School-Based Nutrition Interventions to Determine Outcomes Used and Their Measurement Tools.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of school-based nutrition literacy Intervention on obesity prevention in school-age students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Identifying behaviour change techniques in school-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a secondary analysis of a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- School-based health and nutrition interventions addressing double burden of malnutrition and educational outcomes of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Promoting healthy school food environments and nutrition in Canada: a systematic review of interventions, policies, and programs.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- School-based healthy eating interventions for adolescents aged 10-19 years: an umbrella review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions in the workplace to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews of effectiveness.Journal of occupational health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Improving the adoption of a school-based nutrition program: findings from a collaborative network of randomised trials.Implementation science : IS · 2025Trial
- Mediators and moderators of the effects of a school-based intervention on adolescents' fruit and vegetable consumption: the HEIA study.Public health nutrition · 2024Trial
- The ALINFA Intervention Improves Diet Quality and Nutritional Status in Children 6 to 12 Years Old.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Implementing school-based nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of implementation strategies, frameworks, and outcomes.Global health action · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Healthy Eating Initiatives in Australian Primary Schools: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Implementation and Feasibility of a Co-designed Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating: Designed by Children for Children.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Article
- Advancing equitable and sustainable school-based nutrition interventions.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Current and Future Priorities for School Food and Nutrition Education in South Korea: Perspectives of Nutrition Teachers.Nutrients · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Schools are identified as a key setting to influence children's and adolescents' healthy eating. This umbrella review synthesised evidence from systematic reviews of school-based nutrition interventions designed to improve dietary intake outcomes in children aged 6 to 18 years. We undertook a systematic search of six electronic databases and grey literature to identify relevant reviews of randomized controlled trials. The review findings were categorised for synthesis by intervention type according to the World Health Organisation Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework domains: nutrition education; food environment; all three HPS framework domains; or other (not aligned to HPS framework domain). Thirteen systematic reviews were included. Overall, the findings suggest that school-based nutrition interventions, including nutrition education, food environment, those based on all three domains of the HPS framework, and eHealth interventions, can have a positive effect on some dietary outcomes, including fruit, fruit and vegetables combined, and fat intake. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, as the quality of the reviews was poor. Though these results support continued public health investment in school-based nutrition interventions to improve child dietary intake, the limitations of this umbrella review also highlight the need for a comprehensive and high quality systematic review of primary studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.