Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34836144›Full record

ArticleNutrients2021

Effectiveness of Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation in High-Risk Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Real-World Practice.

Iwona Świątkiewicz, Salvatore Di Somma, Ludovica De Fazio, Valerio Mazzilli, Pam R Taub

Open access · goldAbstract readEvaluation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Iwona ŚwiątkiewiczDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6983-7170
Salvatore Di SommaDepartment of Medical-Surgery Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Ludovica De FazioDepartment of Medical-Surgery Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Valerio MazzilliDepartment of Medical-Surgery Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6630-5104
Pam R TaubDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0684-0655
Sapienza University of Rome · ITNicolaus Copernicus University · PLUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structured lifestyle interventions through cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are critical to improving the outcome of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiometabolic risk factors. CR programs' variability in real-world practice may impact CR effects. This study evaluates intensive CR (ICR) and standard CR (SCR) programs for improving cardiometabolic, psychosocial, and clinical outcomes in high-risk CVD patients undergoing guideline-based therapies. Both programs provided lifestyle counseling and the same supervised exercise component. ICR additionally included a specialized plant-based diet, stress management, and social support. Changes in body weight (BW), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and exercise capacity (EC) were primary outcomes. A total of 314 patients (101 ICR and 213 SCR, aged 66 ± 13 years, 75% overweight/obese, 90% coronary artery disease, 29% heart failure, 54% non-optimal LDL-C, 43% depressive symptoms) were included. Adherence to ICR was 96% vs. 68% for SCR. Only ICR resulted in a decrease in BW (3.4%), LDL-C (11.3%), other atherogenic lipids, glycated hemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure. Both ICR and SCR increased EC (52.2% and 48.7%, respectively) and improved adiposity indices, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol intake, depression, and quality of life, but more for ICR. Within 12.6 ± 4.8 months post-CR, major adverse cardiac events were less likely in the ICR than SCR group (11% vs. 17%), especially heart failure hospitalizations (2% vs. 8%). A comprehensive ICR enhanced by a plant-based diet and psychosocial management is feasible and effective for improving the outcomes in high-risk CVD patients in real-world practice.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesAgedBody WeightCardiac RehabilitationCholesterol, LDLCounselingDiet, VegetarianExercise TherapyExercise ToleranceFeasibility StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLife StyleLongitudinal StudiesMaleCholesterol, LDLcardiac rehabilitationcardiometabolic riskscardiovascular diseasecardiovascular risk factorscoronary artery diseaselifestyle interventionobesityoutcomesplant-based dietsecondary preventionspecialized diet

Identifiers

PMID34836144
PMCPMC8620098
OpenAlexW3209545215

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.