ReviewNutrients2021
Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and heterogeneity: an exclusive human milk diet for necrotizing enterocolitis prevention in very preterm infants-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- In-hospital peer-supported human milk bank management model and its association with human milk feeding proportions and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants: a recipient-to-voluntary-donor approach.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Human milk: insights on cell composition, organoids and emerging applications.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Adipokines and Growth Factors in Preterm and Term Breast Milk and Their Role in Infant Growth.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor-A and drug level in serum and human breast milk of a lactating woman after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Optimizing nutritional strategies in term NEC and perforation infants after intestinal operation: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human milk whey proteins: Constituents, influencing factors, detection methods, and comparative analysis with other sources.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Brainstem microglial cell morphology in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis and the effects of prenatal heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2025Article
- Evolutionary bridges: how factors present in amniotic fluid and human milk help mature the gut.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Science and Faith to Understand Milk Bioactivity for Infants.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Advances in the isolation and characterization of milk-derived extracellular vesicles and their functions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Hormonal Determinants of Growth and Weight Gain in the Human Fetus and Preterm Infant.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Association of Human Milk Proportion with the Clinical Outcomes of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Human Breast Milk: The Key Role in the Maturation of Immune, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous Systems: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human breast milk-derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Macrophage-derived IGF-1 protects the neonatal intestine against necrotizing enterocolitis by promoting microvascular development.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Maternal vaccination as an additional approach to improve the protection of the nursling: Anti-infective properties of breast milk.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Review
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates human milk's protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk derives these properties from biologically active compounds that influence intestinal growth, barrier function, microvascular development, and immunological maturation. Among these protective compounds are growth factors that are secreted into milk with relatively high concentrations during the early postnatal period, when newborns are most susceptible to NEC. This paper reviews the current knowledge on human milk growth factors and their mechanisms of action relevant to NEC prevention. It will also discuss the stability of these growth factors with human milk pasteurization and their potential for use as supplements to infant formulas with the goal of preventing NEC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.