ArticleMicroorganisms2021
Age-Dependent Serotype-Associated Case-Fatality Rate in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Autonomous Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2020.
Article in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal serotypes and their association with death risk in invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease burden, clinical characteristics, serotypes' distribution, immunization status and antimicrobial resistance: Evidence from 12-year hospital-based surveillance and cost analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- [Pneumococcal meningitis in a tertiary care hospital: clinical characteristics, serotype distribution, and vaccination status].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Serotype epidemiology and case-fatality risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: a nationwide population study from Switzerland, 2012-2022.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Two Outbreaks of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Nursing Homes in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Impact of Increasing Vaccination Coverage Rate and Re-Vaccination on Pneumococcal Disease in Older Adults in Germany.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae epidemiology, pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- A new approach to define the optimal immunization strategy against pneumococcal disease: the example of Canada.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- An economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV20 versus PCV15, for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in the Swedish pediatric population.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Invasive disease caused simultaneously by two different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a microbiological appreciation.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Pneumococcal Serotypes Associated with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Adults in Spain, 2016-2020: The CAPA Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Pan-Genome-Wide Association Study of Serotype 19A Pneumococci Identifies Disease-Associated Genes.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Invasive Serotypes ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evolution of Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Penicillin in Invasive Strains ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Vaccination against Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spanish Adults: Practical Recommendations by the NeumoExperts Prevention Group.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults due to pneumococcal vaccine serotypes in Sweden, 2016-2018-The ECAPS study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the serotype-associated fatality rate in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Spanish region of Madrid between 2007 and 2020. Serotyping was performed by Pneumotest Latex and the Quellung reaction using commercial antisera. Case-fatality rate was estimated as the ratio between the number of deaths at hospital discharge and the number of cases attributable to each serotype. To evaluate the association measures, the odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. Twenty five pneumococcal serotypes were associated to mortality and comprised 87.8% of the total number of isolates characterized. Serotypes 8, 3, 19A, 1, 7F, 22F, 12F, and 11A were the most prevalent (≥3% each). Serotypes 31, 11A, and 19F were significantly associated to high case-fatality rates (>20% each). The lower significantly associated case-fatality rate (<10% each) was found in serotypes 5, 1, 12B, 7F, 12F, 8, 33, and 10A. The serotypes with higher mortality levels (≥0.04 per 100,000 population) were 11A (fatality 24.0%), 3 (fatality 18.7%), 19A (fatality 12.5%), and 8 (fatality 7.2%). Serotype 3 was worrisome because it is associated with important fatality levels combined with very high incidence and mortality rates. Serotype 11A also showed a high fatality with marked incidence and mortality levels. Some few frequent serotypes as 31, 19F, and 15A despite its high fatality had low levels of mortality. By contrast other serotypes as 8 showing low fatality had high mortality ranges because it shows a wide extended distribution. Finally, common serotypes, such as 1 and 5, presented small mortality length, due to their low case-fatality rates.
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