ArticleMicroorganisms2021
Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020-2021.
Article in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors influencing swine influenza A virus infection in South Korea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and seroprevalence.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Role and Contribution of Serological Surveillance in Animals and Exposed Humans to the Study of Zoonotic Influenza Disease Epidemiology: A Scoping Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated One Health Surveillance of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy, from 2022 to 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-term immune responses induced by low-dose infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses can protect mallards from reinfection with a heterologous strain.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Quantitative Risk Assessment of Wind-Supported Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus to Dutch Poultry Farms via Fecal Particles from Infected Wild Birds in the Environment.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Genetic Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Waterbirds in Northeast Italy Using Two Different Sampling Strategies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of 2020-21 and 2021-22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 detected in Samara Oblast, Russian Federation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Avian Influenza Risk in Thailand: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach for Enhanced Surveillance and Control.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Annual report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2022.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Special Issue "Ecology of Influenza A Viruses": Editorial.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- High pathogenicity avian influenza: targeted active surveillance of wild birds to enable early detection of emerging disease threats.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Article
- Health Status of Bycaught Common Eiders (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- Molecular Survey on A, B, C and New Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) Subtypes in Wild Birds of Northern-Central Italy.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The increasing involvement of wild waterfowl in H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) circulation continues to pose a threat to animal and public health worldwide. In winter 2020-2021, two field surveillance activities were carried out on a weekly basis, through virological and serological analyses, in 823 hunted and 521 trapped migratory aquatic birds in northeast Italy. Sixty Eurasian teals were recaptured several times, which allowed us to follow the progression of the HPAI H5 infection in naturally infected wild waterfowl. Oropharyngeal, cloacal, and feather swabs (OS, CS and FS) were collected from each duck and tested by real time rRT-PCR Type A influenza. The identified viruses were characterized and pathotyped by sequencing. Several viruses belonging to three different HPAI H5 subtypes were detected: H5N8, H5N5, and H5N1. High prevalence of infection with HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b during November-December 2020 (up to 27.1%) was observed in captured Eurasian teals, while infection rates in hunted dabbling ducks, mainly Eurasian wigeons, showed the highest prevalence of infection in November 2020 (8.9%) and January 2021 (10.2%). All HPAI positive birds were also clinically healthy when recaptured weeks apart. The OS and FS showed the highest detection efficiency of HPAIV. Our results highlight that HPAI passive surveillance should be complemented by a targeted active surveillance to more efficiently detect novel HPAI viruses.
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