ArticleVaccines2021
Transdermal Vaccination with the Matrix-2 Protein Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP) Induces Immunity in Mice against Influenza A Virus.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delivery of PLGA-Loaded Influenza Vaccine Microparticles Using Dissolving Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Immunogenicity of an Intranasal Microparticle Combination Vaccine for COVID-19 and Influenza.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Vaccine-Induced Immunity Elicited by Microneedle Delivery of Influenza Ectodomain Matrix Protein 2 Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- An Adjuvanted Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Microparticulate Vaccine Delivered Using Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response in Vaccinated Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?Viruses · 2023Review
- Influenza and Universal Vaccine Research in China.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Transdermal Immunization with Microparticulate RSV-F Virus-like Particles Elicits Robust Immunity.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Biological Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Microscale Delivery Systems for Hydrophilic Active Ingredients in Functional Consumer Goods.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, our goal was to utilize the extracellular domain matrix-2 protein virus-like particle (M2e VLP) that has been found to be highly conserved amongst all strains of influenza and could serve as a potential vaccine candidate against influenza. Previous studies have demonstrated that the VLP of the M2e showed increased activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, to further explore its level of efficacy and protection, this vaccine was administered transdermally and tested in a pre-clinical mouse model. The M2e VLP was encapsulated into a polymeric matrix with the addition of Alhydrogel
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.