ArticleVaccines2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccine equity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal dynamics of humoral immune responses following serial COVID-19 vaccinations and breakthrough infections in dialysis patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Among Working-Age Adults in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Second booster dose improves antibody neutralization against BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 in individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac plus BNT162B2 booster protocol.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- A T cell-targeted multi-antigen vaccine generates robust cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Article
- Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Attitudes toward Vaccination: Representative Study of Polish Society.Vaccines · 2023Article
- The Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Selection of Media Sources to Obtain Information on COVID-19 in Japan in 2021.Vaccines · 2023Article
- COVID-19 patient and personal safety - lessons learnt for pandemic preparedness and the way to the next normal.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic: Hard lessons to learn.African health sciences · 2023Article
- A Novel Mathematical Model That Predicts the Protection Time of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies.Viruses · 2023Article
- Demographic Differences in Compliance with COVID-19 Vaccination Timing and Completion Guidelines in the United States.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- A Retrospective Population Study of 385 191 Positive Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests For SARS-CoV-2 from a Single Laboratory in Katowice, Poland from April 2020 to July 2022.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- To aspirate or not to aspirate? Considerations for the COVID-19 vaccines.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Vaccine hesitancy, misinformation in the era of Covid-19: Lessons from the past.Ethics, medicine, and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pursuing vaccinations against COVID-19 brings hope to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and remains the most rational decision under pandemic conditions. However, it does not come without challenges, including temporary shortages in vaccine doses, significant vaccine inequity, and questions regarding the durability of vaccine-induced immunity that remain unanswered. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 has undergone evolution with the emergence of its novel variants, characterized by enhanced transmissibility and ability to at least partially evade neutralizing antibodies. At the same time, serum antibody levels start to wane within a few months after vaccination, ultimately increasing the risk of breakthrough infections. This article discusses whether the administration of booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines is urgently needed to control the pandemic. We conclude that, at present, optimizing the immunity level of wealthy populations cannot come at the expense of low-income regions that suffer from vaccine unavailability. Although the efficiency of vaccination in protecting from infection may decrease over time, current data show that efficacy against severe disease, hospitalization, and death remains at a high level. If vaccine coverage continues at extremely low levels in various regions, including African countries, SARS-CoV-2 may sooner or later evolve into variants better adapted to evade natural and vaccine-induced immunity, ultimately bringing a global threat that, of course, includes wealthy populations. We offer key recommendations to increase vaccination rates in low-income countries. The pandemic is, by definition, a major epidemiological event and requires looking beyond one's immediate self-interest; otherwise, efforts to contain it will be futile.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.